Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods for an electronic display are disclosed. More specifically, the invention and disclosure relates to an electronic display that has a diffuse, paper-like reflectance characteristic for visible light, while being retroreflective and non-diffuse for infrared light, for easy image detection and analysis with infrared cameras, while preserving viewing properties of an electronic paper display for humans.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for electrosurgery are disclosed. In one arrangement, an electrosurgical element and a control system are provided. The electrosurgical element is electrically driven in a first electrical driving mode. The first electrical driving mode is such as to cause heating of human or animal tissue by the electrosurgical element. The heating contributes to modification or cutting of tissue by the electrosurgical element. The electrosurgical element is electrically driven in a second electrical driving mode. An electrical response of the electrosurgical element is measured during the electrical driving of the electrosurgical element in the second electrical driving mode.