Abstract: Ionic liquids having improved properties for application in non-aqueous batteries, electrochemical capacitors, electroplating, catalysis and chemical separations are disclosed. Exemplary compounds have one of the following formulas: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, and R.sub.6 are either H; F; separate alkyl groups of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, respectively, or joined together to constitute a unitary alkylene radical of from 2 to 4 carbon atoms forming a ring structure converging on N; or separate phenyl groups; and wherein the alkyl groups, alkylene radicals or phenyl groups may be substituted with electron withdrawing groups, preferably F--, Cl--, CF.sub.3 --, SF.sub.5 --, CF.sub.3 S--, (CF.sub.3).sub.2 CHS-- or (CF.sub.3).sub.3 CS--; and X.sup.- is a non-Lewis acid-containing polyatomic anion having a van der Waals volume exceeding 100 .ANG..sup.3.

Abstract: Method is provided for preparing a stabilized rechargeable cell having a negative electrode and a molten salt electrolyte (MSE) while avoiding problems of chloroaluminate cell systems which are not air stable. The cell of the present invention thus employs an LiBF.sub.4 /EMI.sub.BF4 MSE and a negative electrode of an inert substrate. On charging such cell, Li metal plates out on the electrode, which metal would immediately be attacked by such MSE. However a small amount of water is added to the MSE which, forms a lithium salt on the surface of such metal and protects it from attack by the MSE. However such protective film is permeable to Li.sup.+ ions. This means that on continuing to charge such cell, the LI.sup.+ ions flow from the MSE through the protective film and build up as more Li metal on the negative electrode, under the protective film. On discharge of such cell, the Li metal becomes Li.sup.+ ions which can pass through the protective lithium salt film.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thin-film palladium electrode as a reversible redox-active positive electrode in a supercapacitor configuration. A room-temperature chloroaluminate molten salt composed of an organic chloride, mixed with a molar excess of aluminum chloride, is used as the supercapacitor electrolyte. In this electrolyte, the palladium surface can be reversibly oxidized to an insoluble thin-film of palladium chloride. Reduction of this palladium chloride thin film back to palladium metal, generates a high current density. The capacitance of this supercapacitor electrode is 150-550 times that of a double-layer capacitor electrode. By combining the thin-film palladium supercapacitor positive electrode (cathode) with a suitable negative electrode (anode), e.g. a metallic aluminum anode, a high power supercapacitor cell, capable of delivering a charge at high current density, at near constant voltage of ca.1 V, is provided per the present invention.

Abstract: Method is provided for preparing a stabilized rechargeable cell having a negative electrode and a molten salt electrolyte (MSE) while avoiding problems of chloroaluminate cell system which are not air stable. The cell of the present invention thus employs an LiBF.sub.4 /EMI.sub.BF4 MSE and a negative electrode of an inert substrate. On charging such cell, Li metal plates out on the electrode, which metal would immediately be attacked by such MSE. However a small amount of water is added to the MSE which, forms a lithium salt on the surface of such metal and protects it from attack by the MSE. However such protective film is permeable to Li.sup.+ ions. This means that on continuing to charge such cell, the Li.sup.+ ions flow from the MSE through the protective film and build up as more Li metal on the negative electrode, under the protective film. On discharge of such cell, the Li metal becomes Li.sup.+ ions which can pass through the protective lithium salt film.

Abstract: Separation of oxygen from air is performed in a continuous, cyclic manner using vanadium bronze liquid slurries as reversible chemical absorbents, absorbing at elevated temperature and desorbing at lowered temperature.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to catalysts for the absorptive separation of oxygen from oxygen-containing gas mixtures, such as air, using reversible chemical reaction systems, such as, ##STR1## The catalytic action is the result of the addition of transition metal oxides to the oxygen accepting system.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for separating one or more components of a gas mixture. The process comprises passing the gas mixture over a membrane, which is selectively permeable to the component being separated, due to one or more reversible reactions between the component desired to be separated and a layer of active molten material immobilized in a suitable support material and/or encapsulated in a non-porous gas permeable polymer material.

Abstract: A process for separating a gas from a mixture of gases comprises passing the gas mixture over a membrane, selectively permeable by the gas being separated, owing to the occurrence of one or more reversible oxidation-reduction reactions between a continuous layer of active molten material, immobilized in a rigid, porous, inert support therefor, and the gas being separated.