Abstract: A conductive mesoporous carbon composite comprising conductive carbon nanoparticles contained within a mesoporous carbon matrix, wherein the conductive mesoporous carbon composite possesses at least a portion of mesopores having a pore size of at least 10 nm and up to 50 nm, and wherein the mesopores are either within the mesoporous carbon matrix, or are spacings delineated by surfaces of said conductive carbon nanoparticles when said conductive carbon nanoparticles are fused with each other, or both. Methods for producing the above-described composite, devices incorporating them (e.g., lithium batteries), and methods of using them, are also described.

Abstract: The invention is directed in a first aspect to electron-conducting porous compositions comprising an organic polymer matrix doped with nitrogen atoms and having elemental sulfur dispersed therein, particularly such compositions having an ordered framework structure. The invention is also directed to composites of such S/N-doped electron-conducting porous aromatic framework (PAF) compositions, or composites of an S/N-doped mesoporous carbon composition, which includes the S/N-doped composition in admixture with a binder, and optionally, conductive carbon. The invention is further directed to cathodes for a lithium-sulfur battery in which such composites are incorporated.

Abstract: A conductive mesoporous carbon composite comprising conductive carbon nanoparticles contained within a mesoporous carbon matrix, wherein the conductive mesoporous carbon composite possesses at least a portion of mesopores having a pore size of at least 10 nm and up to 50 nm, and wherein the mesopores are either within the mesoporous carbon matrix, or are spacings delineated by surfaces of said conductive carbon nanoparticles when said conductive carbon nanoparticles are fused with each other, or both. Methods for producing the above-described composite, devices incorporating them (e.g., lithium batteries), and methods of using them, are also described.

Abstract: An electrolyte system includes a reactor having a pair of electrodes that may sorb ions from an electrolyte. The electrolyte system also includes at least one power supply in electrical communication with the reactor. The at least one power supply may supply a DC signal and an AC signal to the pair of electrodes during sorption of the ions. In addition, the power supply may supply only the AC signal to the pair of electrodes during desorption of the ions.

Abstract: A method of forming a carbon and titanium containing composite that includes mixing a titanium-containing powder with carbon and forming the mixture of the titanium-containing-powder and carbon into a composite structure at a temperature of less than 1500° C. The forming process provides a net shape having dimensions within 90% or greater than the final shape of the product. The binder of the composite is provided by the titanium, and the dispersed phase of the composite is provided by the carbon. The carbon and titanium containing composite may be employed as in applications including capacitive deionization (CDI), gas separation, chromatography, catalysis and electrode.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a porous carbon material possessing a hierarchical porosity, the method comprising subjecting a precursor composition to a curing step followed by a carbonization step, the precursor composition comprising: (i) a templating component comprised of a block copolymer, (ii) a phenolic component, (iii) a dione component in which carbonyl groups are adjacent, and (iv) an acidic component, wherein said carbonization step comprises heating the precursor composition at a carbonizing temperature for sufficient time to convert the precursor composition to a carbon material possessing a hierarchical porosity comprised of mesopores and macropores. Also described are the resulting hierarchical porous carbon material, a capacitive deionization device in which the porous carbon material is incorporated, as well as methods for desalinating water by use of said capacitive deionization device.

Abstract: A liquid applied photoresist composition is disclosed which exhibits a favorable balance of photospeed and overall physical properties. The photoresist composition includes a binder, a multifunctional monomer, a photoinitiator, and a solvent. The photoinitiator is present in the photoresist in an amount of greater than about 10% by weight of the photoresist without solvent. The photoresist when applied is relatively resistant to blocking when applied to a substrate. A process for producing a negative resist image on a surface using the photoresist is also disclosed.

Abstract: An aqueous-developable dry-film photopolymerizable composition is disclosed wherein the photopolymerizable composition contains a hydroxyl-modified vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate polymer.

Abstract: In an aqueous-developable dry-film photoresist containing a carboxyl-group containing film-forming polymeric binder, the improvement wherein the binder is obtained by polymerizing a mixture including: (a) a monomer of the formula H.sub.2 C.dbd.CRCOO[(C.sub.n H.sub.2n)X(C.sub.p H.sub.2p)].sub.m R', wherein R is hydrogen or methyl and R' is a saturated or unsaturated C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 bridged alkyl optionally substituted by at least one C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or halogen, X is oxygen or sulfur, n is 2-4, p is 0-4, m is 0-2; and (b) at least one C.sub.3 -C.sub.15 .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxyl-containing monomer having 3-15 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An aqueous-developable dry-film photopolymerizable composition is disclosed wherein the photopolymerizable composition contains a carboxyl-containing polyurethane having at least one ethylenically unsaturated end group as a plasticizer.

Abstract: Disclosed is an aqueous developable, photopolymerizable composition having increased flexibility and reduced cold flow comprising a unique mixture of a siliceous material and a plasticizer in combination with known photopolymerizable monomers, polymeric binders, thermal polymerization inhibitors, and photoinitiators.