Abstract: A lamp (100) comprising: a housing (110) having a transparent portion (101); a light source (102) disposed at least partially within the housing (110), wherein the light source (102) is configured to emit light, in use, through the transparent portion (101) of the housing (110); and a heat transfer unit (103) disposed at least partially within the housing (110), the heat transfer unit (103) comprising a heater (105) and a fluid circulator (106), wherein the heat transfer unit (103) is operable in a first mode and a second mode; wherein in the first mode, the heater (105) is turned on, thereby heating a thermal transfer fluid contained within the housing (110), and the fluid circulator (106) is operated to circulate the thermal transfer fluid such that heat is transferred to the transparent portion (101) of the housing (110); and in the second mode, the heater (105) is turned off, and the fluid circulator (106) is operated to circulate the thermal transfer fluid contained within the housing (110) such that hea

Abstract: A thermoelectric module comprising: a plurality of thermocouples electrically connected in series to provide a main electrical path through the thermoelectric module, each thermocouple comprising an n-type thermoelectric element and a p-type thermoelectric element; and at least one shunt electrical path connected in parallel to a portion of the main electrical path, the portion of the main electrical path comprising at least one of the n-type and/or p-type thermoelectric elements; wherein the resistance of a given shunt electrical path is less than the resistance of the main electrical path and more than the resistance of the portion of the main electrical path with which the given shunt electrical path is in parallel.

Abstract: A lamp (100) comprising: a housing (110) having a transparent portion (101); a light source (102) disposed at least partially within the housing (110), wherein the light source (102) is configured to emit light, in use, through the transparent portion (101) of the housing (110); and a heat transfer unit (103) disposed at least partially within the housing (110), the heat transfer unit (103) comprising a heater (105) and a fluid circulator (106), wherein the heat transfer unit (103) is operable in a first mode and a second mode; wherein in the first mode, the heater (105) is turned on, thereby heating a thermal transfer fluid contained within the housing (110), and the fluid circulator (106) is operated to circulate the thermal transfer fluid such that heat is transferred to the transparent portion (101) of the housing (110); and in the second mode, the heater (105) is turned off, and the fluid circulator (106) is operated to circulate the thermal transfer fluid contained within the housing (110) such that hea