Abstract: A multi-layered cylindrical propellant casing comprising an inner propellant-holding layer of polymer layer(s) obtained by lay up, blow molding, or similar fabrication of an energetic or nonenergetic type layer, coated with (an) intermediate adhesive layer(s) of an energetic or non-energetic type, and covered by an outer, concentrically arranged, coat or layer having a higher resistance, than said inner layer, to circumferential expansion; plus a corresponding method for increasing the amount of fragmentation and combustion rate of such propellant casing when exposed to a firing sequence.

Abstract: A composition and a process for bonding lignocellulosic material under heat and pressure is disclosed. According to the process, a curing agent is combined with a binder which is an alkaline phenol-formaldehyde resin. In one aspect the combination is by injection into a line carrying the binder to application apparatus, followed by in-line mixing of the curing agent and binder and application of the mixture to the lignocellulosic material. The lignocellulosic material is then compressed and the binder cured. The curing agent may be an ester, a lactone or an organic carbonate. The effect of the curing agent may be moderated with an aliphatic mono or polyhydric alcohol.

Abstract: Degradation of paper is retarded by treating paper with melamine. Method of treating existing paper with melamine to stop or retard degradation and methods for inclusion of melamine in paper as made to provide an age resistance paper are described. Rare books, paintings and prints can be preserved or books, paintings and prints as originally formed can use melamine-treated paper to retard degradation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for recovering a virtually water-free amine from an amine acid salt thereof. The process comprises a unique combination of phase separation stages practiced under mild heating and distillation stages. An amine product containing less than 0.2% water can be achieved by the present process. The feedstock for the process suitably is an acid scrub liquor used to scrub amine from a vapor stream thereof which has been used in a cold-box molding process in the foundry industry or in the cure of vapor permeation curable coatings in the coatings industry.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for recovering a virtually water-free amine from an amine acid salt thereof. The process comprises a unique combination of phase separation stages practiced under mild heating and distillation stages. An amine product containing less than 0.2% water can be achieved by the present process. The feedstock for the process suitably is an acid scrub liquor used to scrub amine from a vapor stream thereof which has been used in a cold-box molding process in the foundry industry or in the cure of vapor permeation curable coatings in the coatings industry.

Abstract: A process for the production of isobutyryl fluoride by reacting isopropyl fluoride and carbon monoxide in the presence of anhydrous hydrofluoric acid is described.

Abstract: A method for catalytically isomerizing a mixture of hexacyclic dimers obtained by dimerizing norbornadiene in the presence of a zero valent iron complex whereby the hydrogenated derivatives of the resultant isomerization product exhibits substantially lower freeze point than that associated with the hydrogenated derivatives of said precursor dimer mixture, the latter representing the highest energy liquid hydrocarbon fuel commercially available.

Abstract: A high density fuel composition having low temperature operational capability for propelling turbo-jet, limited volume missile systems consisting essentially of at least 95 weight percent exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (JP-10) and a correspondingly minor amount of a C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 saturated hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A process for the production of isobutyric acid anhydride in which propylene is initially carbonylated in the presence of a substantial molar excess of liquid anhydrous hydrogen fluoride to provide a reaction mixture of isobutyroyl fluoride and unreacted hydrogen fluoride. Following distillation of the reaction mixture to recover a recycle stream of hydrogen fluoride, the isobutyroyl fluoride residue is partially hydrolyzed in the presence of a hydrogen fluoride acceptor resulting in a hydrolysis product consisting essentially of isobutyroyl fluoride, isobutyric acid anhydride and a hydrogen fluoride complex of said acceptor. Following removal of the solid complex, the hydrolysis product is fractionally distilled to yield an overhead fraction of isobutyroyl fluoride for reuse in the hydrolysis reaction.

Abstract: A high density specialty fuel for propelling limited volume ramjet and turbojet missile systems comprising a blend of at least 70 weight percent of exotetrahydrodicyclopentadiene and a correspondingly minor amount of a combination of a C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 alkane or cycloalkane and a tetrahydro derivative of the trimer and/or co-trimer of cyclopentadiene and methylcyclopentadiene.

Abstract: Method for effecting the formation of co-trimers of cyclopentadiene and methylcyclopentadiene whereby a mixture of the dimers of said dienes is heated in the presence of an inert solvent. The foregoing method is implemented to provide a high energy fuel by substantially completely hydrogenating the resultant trimerization product.

Abstract: A method for converting endo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene to the corresponding exo isomeric form which is advantageously carried out in the presence of aluminum chloride catalyst and the spent nickel hydrogenation catalyst utilized in hydrogenating an endo dimer of cyclopentadiene to provide said tetrahydro derivative thereof.

Abstract: Liquid organic reaction products prepared in the presence of homogeneous iron catalyst values are contacted with a strong Lewis acid to effect removal of said values as inorganic precipitates.

Abstract: In the process of preparing a slurry comprising oil and comminuted coal for transport through pipelines and use as fuel, the improvement of increasing the suspension stability of the coal particles in the oil by oxidizing the surface of the coal particles prior to preparation of the slurry.

Abstract: Method is disclosed for preparing a honeycomb insulation structure having its cells partially filled with a low density foam and a high density integral skin completely covering one edge of the honeycomb. Method comprises placing one edge of a honeycomb in an inert material; introducing a foamable or foaming substance into the cells and allowing it to rise from the surface of the inert material until it overflows slightly. The overflowing foam comes into contact with a pressure platen just above the honeycomb thereby forming the high density integral skin. The level of the material in the cell determines the thickness of the void on one edge. Structure has utility in cryogenic storage.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of aromatic nitriles which comprises reacting an organic carboxylic acid with an aromatic o-dinitrile whereby the nitrile of the acid is obtained with cyclic imide by-product and the imide by-product is converted to dinitrile and recycled to the reaction.

Abstract: A single step, non-aqueous process for the preparation of aromatic cyanohydrin esters by reacting together an aromatic aldehyde, an alkali metal cyanide, and a lower aliphatic acid anhydride. The cyanohydrin esters are useful as intermediates to potent insecticides.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of terephthalic acid which comprises electrolyzing disodium terephthalate in the anode compartment of an electrolytic cell whereby terephthalic acid product is precipitated and subsequently separated. In a preferred embodiment the disodium terephthalate is obtained by the aqueous hydrolysis of terephthalonitrile in the presence of a stoichiometric excess of sodium hydroxide.

Abstract: A process for making terephthalic acid which comprises electrolyzing an aqueous solution of potassium acid terephthalate, preferably in the presence of a potassium salt of an acid stronger than terephthalic acid. In another embodiment of the invention terephthalonitrile is converted to terephthalic acid by hydrolyzing terephthalonitrile in an aqueous medium containing dipotassium terephthalate, potassium bicarbonate, and potassium hydroxide, stripping ammonia and carbon dioxide from the hydrolyzed product, adding carbon dioxide to the stripped hydrolysis product to precipitate monopotassium terephthalate, and electrolyzing said monopotassium terephthalate in the presence of an acid stronger than terephthalic acid to precipitate terephthalic acid and separating said terephthalic acid product.

Abstract: In an ammoxidation process where reactant gases comprised of a lower alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon, oxygen, and ammonia are passed over an ammoxidation catalyst in a fixed or fluidized bed system, the improvement of reducing combustion of hydrocarbon and ammonia and achieving a more favorable product distribution by distributing a stream containing reactant oxygen throughout the catalyst bed.