Abstract: A switchable dielectric waveguide circulator is provided for millimeter wave frequency applications comprising a ferrite right prism having two polygonal prism bases and at least three lateral prism faces. A control wire is threaded through a number of bores formed in the prism in a plane between the bases. Each of the bores is spaced a distance from a different one of the apices of the prism so that a control current passing through the control wire creates a circular magnetic field about each bore which combine to form a resultant magnetic field between the prism bases which cause the prism faces to act as circulator ports. The rotational direction of circulator coupling action is reversed by reversing the direction of the control current. Both Y-junction and T-junction circulator configurations are shown.

Abstract: A millimeter wavelength monolithic ferrite circulator/antenna device is pided comprising a four-sided ferrite rod having one end which is to be selectively coupled to millimeter wavelength radar transmitter and receiver apparatus and the other end coupled to a load. The rod end coupled to the radar apparatus has a pair of permanent magnets disposed on opposite sides of the rod and is shaped as a right prism having prism bases formed by sections of the rod sides on which the magnets are mounted and prism faces formed by sections of the remaining two rod sides and by the cross-section of the rod itself. The dc magnetic field produced by the magnets is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rod and causes the prism to act as a ferrite circulator with respect to millimeter wave energy transmitted through the prism faces and along such rod axis. The remainder of the rod is utilized as a ferrite rod antenna of the leaky-wave type by providing energy emitting perturbations on one of the rod sides.

Abstract: A millimeter wave switchable microstrip Y-junction circulator is provided comprising a monlithic, wye-shaped ferrite element disposed on one surface of a section of microstrip dielectric substrate having three, Y-junction oriented sections of microstrip conductor on the same one substrate surface and an electrically conductive ground plane on the opposite substrate surface. The ferrite element has a central right prism-shaped portion with two equilateral triangular-shaped prism bases and three rectangular prism faces and three downwardly-sloping arm portions which extend radially outwardly from the prism faces of the central portion. The top base of the ferrite element central portion and the top surface of the ferrite arm portions which do not rest on the substrate are provided with microstrip conductors which cooperate with the ground plane to convey millimeter wave signals applied to the three Y-junction oriented microstrip sections on the substrate to the ferrite element central portion.

Abstract: A millimeter wave microstrip Y-junction circulator is provided comprising a monolithic, wye-shaped ferrite element disposed on one surface of a section of microstrip dielectric substrate having three, Y-junction oriented sections of microstrip conductor on the same one substrate surface and an electrically conductive ground plane on the opposite substrate surface. The ferrite element has a central right prism-shaped portion with two equilateral triangular-shaped prism bases and three rectangular prism faces and three downwardly-sloping arm portions which extend radially outwardly from the prism faces of the central portion. The top base of the ferrite element central portion and the top surface of the ferrite arm portions which do not rest on the substrate are provided with microstrip conductors which cooperate with the ground plane to convey millimeter wave signals applied to the three Y-junction oriented microstrip sections on the substrate to the ferrite element central portion.

Abstract: A phase scan antenna suitable for millimeter wave radar applications is pided comprising a four-sided ferrite rod having a series of electromagnetic energy emitting slots along one side of the rod. The remaining three rod sides are enclosed by a metal, channel-shaped member which is spaced from the rod by a plastic, channel-shaped substrate member, so that energy emitted from the rod side which is opposite from the slotted rod side will be reflected to pass out the slotted rod side, to thereby enhance the antenna beam produced by the slotted rod side. A magnetic biasing coil having serially-interconnected coil portions is helically wound about the metal channel-shaped member with the coil portions disposed between the slots in the first rod side to cause scanning of the antenna beam. The ferrite rod may be end fed by either dielectric waveguide sections or hollow, metallic waveguide sections.

Abstract: A microstrip to dielectric waveguide transition is provided comprising a gth of rectangular dielectric waveguide which has one end tapered in such a manner that the height of the waveguide top surface above the waveguide bottom surface decreases linearly from full height to zero height at the tapered end of the length of waveguide. The bottom surface of the waveguide length is mounted on the top surface of a planar microstrip dielectric substrate having an electrically conductive metallic ground plane on the bottom substrate surface and a length of microstrip conductor on the top substrate surface aligned with the waveguide length and abutting the tapered end of the waveguide length. A second length of microstrip conductor is mounted on the tapered portion and part of the untapered portion of the top surface of the waveguide length and is electrically connected to the first microstrip conductor at the tapered end of the waveguide length.

Abstract: A phase-scan antenna apparatus including a rod-shaped ferrite dielectric eguide having two non-ferrite dielectric ends, and means for applying a variable magnetic field to the ferrite section.

Abstract: Ferrite material to be used in millimeter wavelength apparatus is sawed ug a resin bonded diamond sawblade. A cutting speed of 5400 cm/sec is achieved by appropriate selection of sawblade diameter and spindle speed, such as 5.71 cm and 18,000 RPM. With this cutting speed and sawblade material a cut up to a maximum of 0.356 cm is possible while the ferrite is fed at from 0.0254 to 0.127 cm/sec.

Abstract: A dielectric waveguide ferrite resonance isolator capable of operating in e millimeter wave frequency range in a dielectric waveguide transmission line in which a thin rectangular hexagonal ferrite material is affixed to a side of the dielectric waveguide and then placed between the pole pieces of an electromagnet in order to magnitize and fully orient the ferrite material is improved by positioning a grooved block of dielectric having a low dielectric constant and high thermal conductivity against the face of the hexagonal ferrite so as to use the high thermal conductivity dielectric as a heat sink thereby extracting heat from the hexagonal ferrite.

Abstract: A millimeter wavelength bandpass filter arrangement is produced by using a first dielectric waveguide as an input for a broadband signal to a ferrite circulator. This signal is delivered to a second dielectric waveguide having a bandstop filter formed therein. The bandstop filter reflects the desired bandpass frequency(s) back to the ferrite circulator where it is delivered to a third dielectric waveguide which is the output for the bandpass frequency(s).

Abstract: The air gap in the joints between millimeter wavelength, dielectric waveguide circuit components is filled with a slurry made from an inorganic dielectric, such as barium titanate; and an organic binder, such as cellulose nitrate. The proportions of the dielectric and binder are taken so as to have a composite dielectric constant the same as that of the components being joined. This removes breaks or discontinuities and in turn reduces the insertion loss at the joints.

Abstract: A variable slot conductance dielectric wavequide antenna in which the transmission line and radiating aperture is formed in one continuous, integrated and homogeneous material. The radiated antenna beam pattern is controlled by varying the conductance of radiating slots using varied geometries for each of the slots.

Abstract: A ferrite modulator/switch is disclosed for use in a dielectric waveguide ansmission line. A ferrite guide section inserted in a dielectric transmission line is longitudinally magnetized to cause a 90.degree. rotation of a wave traveling through the guide thereby inhibiting further propagation and resulting in the scattering out of wave energy away from the dielectric line.

Abstract: A dielectric waveguide of rectangular cross-section has periodically spaced, transverse slots in its upper surface. When traveling waves of varying millimeter wavelength frequencies are applied to the waveguide, the slots perturb the waves resulting in radiation having a main lobe that scans as the frequency changes. The antenna is made rigid by the use of a dielectric support.

Abstract: A dielectric waveguide ferrite resonance isolator capable of operating in the millimeter frequency range in a dielectric waveguide transmission line is provided. The isolator comprises a thin sheet of hexagonal ferrite material that has been affixed to a side of the dielectric waveguide and then placed between the pole pieces of an electromagnet in order to magnetize and fully orient the ferrite material.

Abstract: A dielectric waveguide reciprocal ferrite phase shifter is provided for use n a dielectric waveguide transmission line. The phase shifter is comprised of a length of ferrite of the same cross-sectional dimension as that of the dielectric waveguide and in fact becomes a section of the transmission line. The length of ferrite bears a thin plastic layer on its top and bottom surface and metal plates on each piece of plastic. The length of this multilayer structure then has a wire coil wrapped around in order to provide a d.c. magnetic biasing field along the length of the ferrite thereby enabling magnetization of the ferrite resulting in a reciprocal phase shift or change in electrical length within the structure.

Abstract: A monolithic waveguide radar front end subsystem utilizing dielectric coments. The use of dielectric waveguide transmission elements permits conformal mounting while exhibiting operating characteristics comparable to those of conventional metal waveguide subsystems.

Abstract: Millimeter wave circulators are disclosed for use with millimeter wavelen dielectric waveguides. The structure comprises a prism of magnetized ferrimagnetic material with the waveguide ends bonded to the lateral faces of the prism. The waveguide ends and the lateral faces are congruent rectangles. The prisms may have triangular bases in which case a Y-junction circulator results, or square bases with waveguide ends attached to three out of four of the lateral faces thereof, whereby a T-junction circulator results.

Abstract: A method for forming a drive wire hole in a ferrite toroid phase shifter pted to operate in the millimeter frequency range. The ferrite toroid is fabricated by the arc plasma spray process. A slab of boron nitride is initially bonded to the dielectric insert of the ferrite toroid and the ferrite powder is arc plasma sprayed on the composite boron nitride-dielectric structure. The formed ferrite toroid is then annealed, and during the annealing process, the boron nitride slab is completely sublimated to form the required drive wire hole.

Abstract: A millimeter-wave circulator for microstrip use. The device employs an hexagonal ferrite element to selectively direct the propagation of electromagnetic energy through a Y-junction circulator. The device does not require an external biasing magnet and provides improved bandwidth for high frequency operation.