Abstract: A still camera or motion picture camera wherein the means for monitoring the brightness of a portion of or entire scene transmits signals to an automatic focusing mechanism as well as to the exposure controls. The connection between the output or outputs of the monitoring means and the exposure controls includes elements which can transmit signals denoting the peak value, the integral value or the average value of signals denoting the scene brightness.

Abstract: A still camera or motion picture camera wherein the means for monitoring the brightness of a portion of or entire scene transmits signals to an automatic focusing mechanism as well as to the exposure controls. The connection between the output or outputs of the monitoring means and the exposure controls includes elements which can transmit signals denoting the peak value, the integral value or the average value of signals denoting the scene brightness.

Abstract: A focussing system emits an infrared light beam towards the subject, the reflected beam passing through an infrared filter and being projected by a spot optics as a small spot onto a pair of photosensitive elements. The spot optics shifts in a plane normal to the camera's optical axis in dependence upon rotation of the camera's focussing ring, to vary the distribution of the reflected beam onto the two elements, the distribution being equal between them when the state of focus is correct. A circuit derives, from the output signals of the two photosensitive elements, a state-of-focus signal used to automatically focus or else to indicate to the user the direction in which he should manually adjust focus. When focussing is finished, the photosensitive elements are disconnected from the focussing circuitry and connected to the camera's exposure-control circuitry, to thereby serve a dual function. The infrared filter moves out of the light path of the photosensitive elements.

Abstract: The film is provided with an audio track comprised of recorded sections alternating with unrecorded sections. An adjustable mixer having first and second inputs is connected to the input of the sound-reproducing unit. A first signal-transmission path extends from the output of the audio head for the audio track to the first input of the mixer. A second signal-transmission path extends to the second input of the mixer and transmits a second audio signal thereto. A control head located upstream of the audio head senses the presence or absence of recorded information on the audio track and controls the operation of an attenuator connected in the second signal-transmission path. The control head is connected to the attenuator via a time-delay circuit which introduces a time delay corresponding to the distance between the two heads.

Abstract: The camera has a housing and a lens. A film transport mechanism is arranged in the housing. An operating element includes a member which is displaceable by a user in longitudinal direction of the optical axis of the lens and which, during at least part of such displacement, actuates the film transport mechanism. The operating element may include two of these members; if so, they are located at opposite lateral sides of the lens and are coupled so as to move in unison.

Abstract: An accessory unit, for example an electronic flash unit, for use with photographic apparatus has a housing provided with one or more connecting elements for detachably connecting the unit to the apparatus. The housing has a through-going, essentially slot-shaped passage through which self-developing film sheets ejected from the apparatus can pass, or through which a strap or other retaining element of the camera can extend which holds the unit adjacent to the camera even when the unit is not in operative position, i.e. when the unit is detached from the photographic apparatus.

Abstract: Two endless paths are provided, one for an original sheet and one for a copy sheet. The paths have respective parallel portions which extend past a copy station at which an image from an original sheet in the one path is reproduced onto a copy sheet in the other path. At will, one or both sides of the original sheet can be copied and one or both sides of the copy sheet can receive copy. To expose both sides of the respective sheet to the copy station, the sheet passes once through its path to the outlet thereof and is then moved in reverse, from the outlet to a set of switching points which reintroduce it into the path while turning it side-for-side in preparation for another pass past the copying station.

Abstract: An electro-photographic copier has a strip-shaped latent-image carrier which is payed out from a supply and taken up by a take-up. An image-forming station is provided at which an image of an original to be copied is formed on the image carrier, and a guide arrangement guides the image carrier on its way from the pay-out to the take-up in a path including at least adjacent the image-forming station a planar portion in which successive image-receiving increments of the image carrier travel past the station in substantially planar condition.

Abstract: For reproduction on a television receiver, movie film is moved continuously past a scanning region. Each image is scanned three times in direction opposite to film motion, the starting point of each scan being displaced one-third of image height in direction of motion of film.

Abstract: A color copying apparatus wherein a copy carrier sheet is attracted by the suction chamber of a carriage which is reciprocable along a horizontal path past an exposure station and along a battery of aligned developing units. After each exposure with a different filter, the sheet is moved into register with a different developing unit. The carriage is moved by an endless belt which has a pin receivable in one of two vertical slots on a plate-like female coupling member of the carriage. Guide rollers automatically disengage the pin from the coupling member when the carriage reaches the exposure station. The suction chamber is then attracted by electromagnets so that two sockets of the suction chamber move downwardly and receive stationary centering pins which hold the carrier in a predetermined position during each of a series of exposures. This insures accurage register of successively projected and developed images in the three basic colors.

Abstract: A copying machine which can image the upper side or the underside of an original onto a photosensitive surface. The original is placed onto a copyboard or between two copyboards, and the projection system for integral imaging of the upper side or the underside of such original comprises two units one of which images the upper side and the other of which images the underside of the original. A switchover device, which may constitute a component of one of the projection units, is provided to select that side of an original which is to be imaged. Alternatively, the switchover device activates the lamps for illumination of the upper side or the underside of an original.

Abstract: Apparatus for wet treatment of webs of photographic material has a series of chambers each of which defines an upper and a lower horizontal path for the transport of webs therethrough and a discrete liquid collecting tank below each chamber. Each chamber has an upper section above the upper path, a median section between the two paths and a lower section below the lower path, and each section has an inlet which receives liquid from the tank through the medium of a pump and an upright pipe which latter can constitute a support for the respective chamber. The liquid which issues from the inlet of the median section of a chamber is divided into two streams which respectively contact the undersides and upper sides of webs in the upper and lower paths. The upper sides of webs in the upper path are contacted by liquid issuing from the inlet of the upper section, and the undersides of webs in the lower path are contacted by liquid issuing from the inlet of the lower section.

Abstract: For reproduction on a television receiver, movie film is moved continuously past a scanning region. Each image is scanned three times in direction opposite to film motion, the starting point of each scan being displaced one-third of image height in direction of motion of film.

Abstract: A photographic camera includes a diaphragm arrangement comprised of at least one body of liquid crystal positioned in the path of light entering the camera. The size of the opening of the diaphragm arrangement is changed by changing the transparency of at least one portion of the one or more bodies of liquid crystal.