Abstract: This invention provides methods of enhancing brain development; increasing or enhancing intelligence; increasing or enhancing synthesis and levels of phospholipids, synapses, synaptic proteins, and synaptic membranes by a neural cell or brain cell, comprising contacting a subject or a pregnant or nursing mother thereof with a composition comprising an omega-3 fatty acid, an omega-6 fatty acid, and/or uridine, a metabolic precursor thereof, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: This invention provides methods of enhancing brain development; increasing or enhancing intelligence; increasing or enhancing synthesis and levels of phospholipids, synapses, synaptic proteins, and synaptic membranes by a neural cell or brain cell, comprising contacting a subject or a pregnant or nursing mother thereof with a composition comprising an omega-3 fatty acid, an omega-6 fatty acid, and/or uridine, a metabolic precursor thereof, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for increasing phosphatidylcholine in the blood of a subject comprising administering to the subject a composition having uridine or a metabolic precursor of uridine; choline or a metabolic precursor of choline; and at least one omega-3 fatty acid and/or omega-6 fatty acid, the phosphatidylcholine has a glycerol portion and the glycerol portion is bonded to two fatty acids and the total amount of carbons in the fatty acids is about 16 to 40 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention encompasses compositions and methods that activate P2Y receptors for the increased production of new synapses in the central nervous system. The formulations of the invention may be administered to a healthy subject or to a subject in need thereof to restore synapses.

Abstract: This invention relates to determining the compliance of a subject receiving dietary supplementation with uridine or a uridine source. Specifically, the invention relates to the use of MRS for measuring an increase in brain compounds resulting from dietary supplementation with uridine or a uridine source.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods of ameliorating hippocampal dysfunction and improving or inhibiting decline in intelligence or cognitive or hippocampal-dependent memory of a subject and of increasing synthesis and release of neurotransmitters, neurite outgrowth, and levels of neurofilament proteins in the brain and CNS of a subject, comprising administering to the subject a uridine, an acyl derivative thereof, a uridine phosphate, uracil, or a salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention encompasses compositions and methods that activate P2Y receptors for the increased production of new synapses in the central nervous system. The formulations of the invention may be administered to a healthy subject or to a subject in need thereof to restore synapses.

Abstract: This invention relates to determining the compliance of a subject receiving dietary supplementation with uridine or a uridine source. Specifically, the invention relates to the use of MRS for measuring an increase in brain compounds resulting from dietary supplementation with uridine or a uridine source.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods of improving memory, learning, cognition, synaptic transmission, and synthesis and release of neurotransmitters and increasing brain phospholipid levels in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a CDP-choline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods of ameliorating hippocampal dysfunction and improving or inhibiting decline in intelligence or cognitive or hippocampal-dependent memory of a subject and of increasing synthesis and release of neurotransmitters, neurite outgrowth, and levels of neurofilament proteins in the brain and CNS of a subject, comprising administering to the subject a uridine, an acyl derivative thereof, a uridine phosphate, uracil, or a salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for increasing secretion of dopamine and other neurotransmitters and treating or reducing the incidence of diseases involving decreased secretion of dopamine and other neurotransmitters, e.g. Parkinson's disease, comprising administering to the subject a uridine or a source thereof, and compositions for treating or reducing an incidence of Parkinson's disease, comprising a uridine, a uridine monophosphate, or a source thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of improving a cognitive function or a neurological function, treating or ameliorating a decline in a cognitive function or a neurological function, increasing cytidine levels, or treating a neurological disorder in a subject, comprising administering a uridine, a uridine precursor, or a derivative or metabolite thereof to the subject. The invention also provides methods of improving neural function, comprising contacting the neuron with a uridine, a uridine precursor, or a derivative or metabolite thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of improving a cognitive function or a neurological function, treating or ameliorating a decline in a cognitive function or a neurological function, increasing cytidine levels, or treating a neurological disorder in a subject, comprising administering a uridine, a uridine precursor, or a derivative or metabolite thereof to the subject. The invention also provides methods of improving neural function, comprising contacting the neuron with a uridine, a uridine precursor, or a derivative or metabolite thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of stimulating or enhancing production of a cellular membrane, improving a cognitive function or a neurological function, treating or ameliorating a decline in a cognitive function or a neurological function, increasing cytidine levels, or treating a neurological disorder in a subject, comprising administering a uridine, a uridine precursor, or a derivative or metabolite thereof to the subject. The invention also provides methods of improving neural function, comprising contacting the neuron with a uridine, a uridine precursor, or a derivative or metabolite thereof.

Abstract: Antagonists to platelet-activating factor provide analgesic effects as well as limit the release of inflammatory mediators. Use of these antagonists in the form of pharmaceutical compositions or nutritionals is beneficial (1) in the treatment of acute and/or chronic pain; (2) in the inhibition of inappropriate or excessive contraction of the uterus; (3) in the treatment of septic shock; and (4) in the inhibition of angiogenesis and/or tumor cell proliferation.