Abstract: A system for emitting and detecting electromagnetic radiation of multiple wavelengths to observe the motion of particles in a polydisperse solution in order to size the particles is provided. The system includes a first and second light sources constructed to emit a first and second beams of electromagnetic radiation at substantially a first and second wavelength, respectively. The beams are directed to a specimen chamber such that a portion of the beams scatter when illuminating the particles, and wherein the scattered portion of the beams are directed to a sensor. The first and second wavelengths are different from each other and a recorder is connected to the sensor. At processor controls the light sources in a time-division fashion, and from the resulting images the size of particles can be determined by tracking the motion of the particles.

Abstract: A special purpose cuvette assembly with features that create a small, restricted volume to minimize bulk movements of liquid and that minimize backscattering of light. The special-purpose cuvette assembly enables recording of Brownian movements of nanoparticles in a liquid when it is placed in a suitable optical device comprising a light sheet and an optical microscope attached to a video camera that is oriented perpendicular to the light-sheet plane.

Abstract: The system and cuvette insert is disclosed where the insert has a top surface that includes a first and second vertical channel opening. A first vertical channel extends downwardly from the first vertical channel opening and a second vertical channel extending from the second vertical channel opening. The insert also has a side wall into which the viewing chamber is formed. The viewing chamber has an upper viewing chamber wall and a lower viewing chamber wall. These walls define the viewing chamber and may be substantially parallel to the floor of the cuvette into which the insert is inserted. At the end of the viewing chamber is a reflecting wall. The viewing chamber has two ends, with one end in fluid connection with the first vertical channel and the other end in fluid connection with the second vertical channel. The fluid connection between the viewing chamber and the first vertical channel may also include a first lateral channel.

Abstract: A special purpose cuvette assembly with features that create a small, restricted volume to minimize bulk movements of liquid and that minimize backscattering of light. The special-purpose cuvette assembly enables recording of Brownian movements of nanoparticles in a liquid when it is placed in a suitable optical device comprising a light sheet and an optical microscope attached to a video camera that is oriented perpendicular to the light-sheet plane.

Abstract: A special purpose cuvette assembly with features that create a small, restricted volume to minimize bulk movements of liquid and that minimize backscattering of light. The special-purpose cuvette assembly enables recording of Brownian movements of nanoparticles in a liquid when it is placed in a suitable optical device comprising a light sheet and an optical microscope attached to a video camera that is oriented perpendicular to the light-sheet plane.

Abstract: A heating lamp assembly for use with semiconductor reactors has a reflector assembly constructed of tubes joined together by heat conductive spacers to provide for water cooling of the reflector assembly, has mounting pins for providing variable spacing of heating lamps, and water manifolds on each side of the reflector assembly for directing water through the cooling tubes. One or more blocking gates are mounted on the lamp mounting pins to direct cooling air flow across the heating lamps.