Abstract: A method of simultaneously sonicating multiple samples consistently with a single acoustic source includes using strategically positioned reflectors, refractors, scatterers, and/or energy distributors (collectively called acoustic energy redirectors).

Abstract: Provided according to embodiments of the invention are methods of disrupting, removing, and/or preventing biofilm formation on a surface. Such methods use compositions that include nanoparticles and/or microparticles that include an inert liquid and/or gas core surrounded by an enclosing substance. Further provided according to embodiments of the invention are methods for disrupting a biofilm to extract an analyte from a sample, methods of disrupting superficial dermal layers, and methods of disrupting, removing, and/or preventing biofilms in hydroponic systems, microbial fuel cells, and on agricultural products.