Abstract: A marking device, a medium, a container, and a marking method. The marking device includes a first marker including a first optical system having a first focal point, the first marker being configured to concentrate a first light onto a first area of a non-planar portion of a medium to perform marking on the first area, the non-planar portion including a plurality of areas including the first area and a second area, and a second marker including a second optical system having a second focal point. The second marker is configured to concentrate a second light onto the second area to perform the marking on the second area, and the second focal point of the second optical system is different from the first focal point of the first optical system in a direction parallel to a central axis of the first optical system.

Abstract: A pattern forming apparatus for a base material includes a holding unit and a pattern forming unit. The holding unit is configured to hold a base material on which one of a protrusion shape portion and a recess shape portion is formed. The pattern forming unit is configured to form a pattern on the base material. The pattern is formed on at least one of the protrusion shape portion, the recess shape portion, a periphery of the recess shape portion, a periphery of the protrusion shape portion, a portion along the protrusion shape portion, and a portion along the recess shape portion.

Abstract: A label is attached to a base material in a container. The container includes patterns formed in a plurality of stages on the base material by laser irradiation. The patterns may include an aggregation of dots formed by the laser irradiation. The container may further include a first information region and a second information region. Information including a numeral, a symbol, or an image is made visible by the patterns in the first information region. The second information region is formed on the label. Information including a numeral, a symbol, or an image is made visible in the second information region.

Abstract: An inspection apparatus includes: a light emitter to emit light to a sealing portion of a package containing a light energy absorbing material, the light having a wavelength absorbable by the light energy absorbing material; a light receiver to receive thermal radiation from the sealing portion as thermal information; and circuitry including multiple image processing algorithms, the circuitry to: acquire the thermal information on the sealing portion from the light receiving unit as a two-dimensional image; determine whether the sealing portion is pass or fail based on the two-dimensional image acquired; and discriminate a type of a sealing defect from other types of sealing defects previously set in the multiple image processing algorithms in response to a determination that the sealing portion is fail.

Abstract: A substrate having a first pattern formed on a surface or in an inside of the substrate, or on the surface and in the inside of the substrate, wherein the first pattern is constituted by an aggregate of second patterns.

Abstract: A laser irradiation apparatus includes: multiple irradiation units each to emit a laser beam to a surface of a base to form a pattern, the multiple irradiation units, including: a first irradiation unit to emit a first laser beam; and a second irradiation unit to emit a second laser beam; and a circuitry to: control the first irradiation unit to irradiate only a first irradiation region on a surface of a base with the first laser beam; and control the second irradiation unit to irradiate only a second irradiation region on the surface of the base with the second laser beam. The first irradiation region and the second irradiation region are not overlapping each other.

Abstract: A marking device, a medium, a container, and a marking method. The marking device includes a first marker including a first optical system having a first focal point, the first marker being configured to concentrate a first light onto a first area of a non-planar portion of a medium to perform marking on the first area, the non-planar portion including a plurality of areas including the first area and a second area, and a second marker including a second optical system having a second focal point. The second marker is configured to concentrate a second light onto the second area to perform the marking on the second area, and the second focal point of the second optical system is different from the first focal point of the first optical system in a direction parallel to a central axis of the first optical system.

Abstract: A pattern formation apparatus is configured to irradiate each of a plurality of base materials being conveyed, with laser such that one of a light path length and a beam size at a position of the plurality of base materials is approximately constant, to form a pattern on a surface of each of the plurality of base materials.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a container product is disclosed. The method includes filling a container with contents; forming information on the container, the information including a number, a letter, and an image, the information being formed by a first pattern, the first pattern being made up of a collection of second patterns; and heating or cooling the container before or after the forming of the information on the container.

Abstract: A device for applying at least a first energy to a substrate includes a conversion material application unit configured to apply a conversion material for converting a second energy to the first energy to the substrate and an energy application unit configured to apply the second energy to the conversion material applied to the substrate, wherein the second energy corresponds to an amount of heat not less than heat of evaporation of the conversion material.

Abstract: A real-time clock apparatus, a semiconductor device realizing the real-time clock apparatus, and an electrical apparatus using the real-time clock apparatus are disclosed. The real-time clock apparatus includes a crystal oscillation circuit, a high-speed timing circuit for dividing an output of the crystal oscillation circuit, a low-speed timing circuit for dividing an output of the high-speed timing circuit, and an interface unit for exchanging a signal with an external apparatus. The crystal oscillation circuit is driven by a first voltage VR1 the high-speed timing circuit is driven by a second voltage VR2, and the low-speed timing circuit and the interface unit are driven by a third voltage VDD, wherein VR1<VR2<VDD. The first voltage VR1 and the second voltage VR2 are generated from the third voltage VDD.