Abstract: Antibiotic penem compounds are represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents a group of the general formula: ##STR2## in which R.sub.1 is a linear or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group, R.sub.2 is a particular substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl or aralkyl group, n is an integer of 1-6, Y is a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic aliphatic group having 1 or 2 oxygen atoms in the ring thereof, and Z is a specific 5-substituted 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-yl group. Antibiotic compositions for oral administration are also described.

Abstract: Antibiotic penem compounds are represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents a group of the following formula: ##STR2## in which R.sub.1 is a linear or branched, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group, R.sub.2 is a particular substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl or aralkyl group, n is an integer of 1 or 2, and R.sub.3 represents a specific substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl or aralkyl group. Antibiotic compositions for oral administration are also described.

Abstract: The multi-functional blood pressure monitor includes input unit for entering a value of blood pressure for calibration; unit for detecting a time interval detection reference point on an aortic pulse wave, unit for detecting a peripheral blood pulse wave as it appears later than the aortic pulse wave, unit (CPU) for measuring the pulse wave propagation time on the basis of the detection outputs from the unit for detecting a time interval detection reference point and the unit for detecting a peripheral blood pulse wave, first computing unit (CPU) for computing the values of parameters .alpha. and .beta. using the two values of blood pressure that have been entered for calibration and the two pulse wave propagation times that have been measured for calibration, second computing unit (CPU) for computing blood pressure from a measured pulse wave propagation time and the values of parameters .alpha. and .beta., and display for presenting both the computed blood pressure and the value of parameter .alpha.

Abstract: Antibiotic penem compounds are represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents a physiological-hydrolyzable, ester-forming group. The physiologically hydrolyzable, ester-forming group useful in the penem compound of the present invention means a group which can be removed easily by in vivo hydrolysis, such as an acetyloxymethyl, 1-(acetyloxy)ethyl, pivaloyloxymethyl, 1-(ethoxycarbonyloxy)ethyl, 1-(isopropyloxycarbonyloxy)ethyl, 1-(cyclohexyloxycarbonyloxy)ethyl or 3-phthalidyl group. Antibiotic compositions for oral administration are also described.

Abstract: Novel penem compounds of the formula, ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or allyl, and A is an aliphatic 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic group having one or two oxygens in the ring and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are produced from the compounds of the formula, ##STR2## wherein A is the same as above and respective R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are protective groups for hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, through several steps. The compounds and their salts are useful as antibacterial agents.