Abstract: A method for testing an anticancer effect including culturing a cell structure including cancer cells and stromal cells in a presence of an anticancer drug and immune cells, and measuring the number of living cancer cells in the cell structure after the culturing, as an indicator of an anticancer effect of the anticancer drug or the immune cells.

Abstract: A method for testing an anticancer effect including culturing a cell structure including cancer cells and stromal cells in a presence of an anticancer drug and immune cells, and measuring the number of living cancer cells in the cell structure after the culturing, as an indicator of an anticancer effect of the anticancer drug or the immune cells.

Abstract: This method for culturing a cancer organoid includes culturing the cancer organoid on a top surface or inside of a cell structure in a medium not including an extracellular matrix, and the cell structure includes cells constituting stroma, and has two or more cell layers laminated in a thickness direction. A method for screening a test substance includes culturing a cell structure including the cancer organoid obtained by the method for culturing a cancer organoid in a presence of the test substance, and evaluating an effect of the test substance on the cancer organoid.

Abstract: A method of producing three-dimensional cellular tissues includes mixing stromal cells with a cationic substance, an extracellular matrix component and a polyelectrolyte to obtain a mixture; removing a liquid portion from the mixture to obtain a cell aggregate; culturing the cell aggregate in a medium to obtain a three-dimensional cellular tissue; and culturing the three-dimensional cellular tissue in a medium containing ascorbic acid and Transforming Growth Factor-? (TGF-?), wherein a thickness of the three-dimensional cellular tissue remains greater than 50 ?m for at least 3 days after culturing the three-dimensional cellular tissue in the medium containing ascorbic acid and TGF-?.

Abstract: A method for evaluating migration ability of migratory cells includes culturing a cell structure having a stromal cell layer containing migratory and stromal cells, and a migratory cell-free cell layer containing no migratory cells, and evaluating migration ability of the migratory cells based on mobility of the migratory cells. The mobility is a ratio of height Hm of the migratory cells to height Hs of the cell structure, the height Hm is distance between point Pb and the migratory cells, the point Pb is intersection where a perpendicular line down from the migratory cells to bottom of the cell structure intersects the bottom of the cell structure, the height Hs is distance between the point Pb and point Pt, the point Pt is an intersection where a straight line obtained by extending the perpendicular line to top surface of the cell structure intersects the top surface of the cell structure.

Abstract: A method for producing a three-dimensional cell structure includes preparing a mixture of a cationic substance, an extracellular matrix component, a polyelectrolyte, and a cell population including endothelial cells and mouse-derived stromal cells, which exclude mouse-derived endothelial cells, collecting a cell aggregate from the mixture, and culturing a collected cell aggregate to obtain a three-dimensional cell structure.

Abstract: A method of separating a vesicle from a sample may include forming a fusant by fusing a first lipid membrane structure and the vesicle, where the vesicle may include a lipid bilayer membrane, and where the first lipid membrane structure may include a vesicular membrane-fusogenic lipid, and fusing the fusant and a second lipid membrane structure positioned at a predetermined field on a substrate.

Abstract: In methods of separating, moving, and detecting a vesicle of the present invention, either a vesicular-shaped lipid membrane structure containing a membrane-fusogenic lipid capable of being fused with a vesicle having a lipid bilayer membrane, or a lipid-membrane-structure-immobilization carrier, in which a lipid membrane structure containing a membrane-fusogenic lipid capable of being fused with a vesicle having a lipid bilayer membrane is immobilized on a carrier, is brought into contact with a sample containing the vesicle such that membrane fusion occurs between the lipid membrane structure and the vesicle.

Abstract: A method for testing an anticancer effect including culturing a cell structure including cancer cells and stromal cells in a presence of an anticancer drug and immune cells, and measuring the number of living cancer cells in the cell structure after the culturing, as an indicator of an anticancer effect of the anticancer drug or the immune cells.

Abstract: In methods of separating, moving, and detecting a vesicle of the present invention, either a vesicular-shaped lipid membrane structure containing a membrane-fusogenic lipid capable of being fused with a vesicle having a lipid bilayer membrane, or a lipid-membrane-structure-immobilization carrier, in which a lipid membrane structure containing a membrane-fusogenic lipid capable of being fused with a vesicle having a lipid bilayer membrane is immobilized on a carrier, is brought into contact with a sample containing the vesicle such that membrane fusion occurs between the lipid membrane structure and the vesicle.