Abstract: The invention provides a method to produce a mutant gene, wherein said gen comprises a modified promoter and wherein said gene is capable of inducing the parthenogenesis phenotype to a plant. The invention further provides said mutant gene, isolated nucleic acid molecule, construct or vector comprising the same. Also, the invention provides for a method to produce a parthenogenetic plant comprising the mutant gene, and the parthenogenetic plant thus obtained.

Abstract: It was found that plants with loss of functional Msi2 protein due to a nucleotide polymorphism resulting in the introduction of a premature stop codon in the Msi2 protein, are able to induce haploid offspring after a cross to or with a wild type plant comprising a functional Msi2 protein. The invention relates to generation of haploid and doubled haploid plants.

Abstract: The invention provides the nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequences of the parthenogenesis gene of Taraxacum as well as (functional) homologues, fragments and variants thereof, which provides parthenogenesis as a part of apomixis. Also parthenogenetic plants and methods for making these are provided, as are molecular markers and methods of using these.

Abstract: It was found that plants comprising modified CENPC protein comprising one or more active mutations which affect the functioning of CENPC protein yet allow plants expressing said modified CENPC protein to be viable, are able to induce haploid offspring after a cross to or with a wild type plant comprising a endogenous CENPC protein. The invention relates to generation of haploid and doubled haploid plants.

Abstract: Genetic modification of plants is hampered by the limited capacity of plant cells to regenerate. The current invention solves this problem by introducing or increasing the expression of a histidine kinase in a plant cell. Preferred histidine kinases are at least one of CHK2, CHK3 and CHK4. The invention therefore concerns a method for improving a cytokinin-induced regeneration capacity of a plant cell, wherein the method comprises a step of increasing or introducing the expression of a histidine kinase in the plant cell. The invention further pertains to a method for regenerating a plant, wherein the method comprises a step of introducing or increasing the expression of a histidine kinase and to a plant obtainable from such method. Moreover, the method concerns the use of at least one of CHK2, CHK3 and CHK4 for improving a cytokinin-induced regeneration capacity of a plant.

Abstract: It was found that plants with loss of functional Msi2 protein due to a nucleotide polymorphism resulting in the introduction of a premature stop codon in the Msi2 protein, are able to induce haploid offspring after a cross to or with a wild type plant comprising a functional Msi2 protein. The invention relates to generation of haploid and doubled haploid plants.

Abstract: It was found that plants with loss of functional Msi2 protein due to a nucleotide polymorphism resulting in the introduction of a premature stop codon in the Msi2 protein, are able to induce haploid offspring after a cross to or with a wild type plant comprising a functional Msi2 protein. The invention relates to generation of haploid and doubled haploid plants.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a modified CenH3 protein that, when present in a plant, allows the plant to be used as a haploid inducer line for plant breeding purposes. Polynucleotides encoding such modified CenH3 proteins, chimeric genes and vectors comprising such polynucleotides, host cells, and plants comprising such polynucleotides, chimeric genes or vectors are also provided. Additionally, methods for making such plants as well as methods for producing haploid or doubled haploid plants using such plants are disclosed.

Abstract: It was found that plants comprising modified CENPC protein comprising one or more active mutations which affect the functioning of CENPC protein yet allow plants expressing said modified CENPC protein to be viable, are able to induce haploid offspring after a cross to or with a wild type plant comprising a endogenous CENPC protein. The invention relates to generation of haploid and doubled haploid plants.

Abstract: It was found that plants with loss of functional Msi2 protein due to a nucleotide polymorphism resulting in the introduction of a premature stop codon in the Msi2 protein, are able to induce haploid offspring after a cross to or with a wild type plant comprising a functional Msi2 protein. The invention relates to generation of haploid and doubled haploid plants.