Abstract: A method for detecting a target nucleic acid fragment in a sample includes a step of contacting the sample with a gRNA complementary to the target nucleic acid fragment, a Cas protein, and a substrate nucleic acid fragment, in which the Cas protein is immobilized on a solid phase, a substrate nucleic acid fragment is labeled with a fluorescent substance and a quencher, in a case of being cleaved by nuclease activity of a three-part complex of the Cas protein, the gRNA, and the target nucleic acid fragment, fluorescent light is emitted, the contact is performed in a reaction space having a volume of 10 aL to 100 pL, thereby forming the three-part complex in a case where the target nucleic acid fragment is present in the sample, cleaving the substrate nucleic acid fragment, and separating the fluorescent substance from the quencher; and detecting the fluorescent light, in which the detection of the fluorescent light indicates the presence of the target nucleic acid fragment in the sample.

Abstract: A fixing apparatus includes a fixing belt, a slide member, an opposing member, and a retaining member. The retaining member includes, in a groove portion, a bottom surface portion that is in contact with an opposite surface of the slide member from a slide surface, a side surface portion that is formed on a downstream side of the groove portion in a conveyance direction and intersecting the bottom surface portion, and a continuous portion that is formed between the bottom surface portion and the side surface portion. The slide member includes an abutment portion configured to abut against the side surface portion at a position downstream from a downstream edge of the opposite surface when the slide member is slidden against the fixing belt such that the downstream edge of the opposite surface is positioned upstream from the continuous portion in the conveyance direction.

Abstract: A method for detecting a target substance in a sample includes a step of introducing the sample and a reagent that generates a fluorescent substance in a presence of the target substance into each well of a well array; a step of sealing each well of the well array with a sealing liquid such that each well forms an independent reaction space; a step of replacing the sealing liquid with a water-absorbing organic solvent, thereby dehydrating the content of the well, reducing the volume, and generating the fluorescent substance in a case where the target substance is present in the content; and a step of emitting excitation light to the fluorescent substance to detect fluorescent light generated in each well of the well array, in which detection of the fluorescent light in the well indicates the presence of the target substance in the well.

Abstract: Provided is a novel fluorescent probe. A compound of the following general formula (I) or a salt thereof.

Abstract: A method for detecting a target nucleic acid fragment in a sample, the method including a step of bringing the sample into contact with a gRNA, a Cas protein, and a substrate nucleic acid fragment, in which the Cas protein expresses nuclease activity after forming a complex with the gRNA and the target nucleic acid fragment, the substrate nucleic acid fragment is labeled with a fluorescent substance and a quenching substance, when the substrate nucleic acid fragment is cleaved by the nuclease activity so that the fluorescent substance is separated from the quenching substance, the fluorescent substance emits fluorescence due to excitation light, and the contact is performed in a reaction space having a volume of 10 aL to 100 pL so that when the target nucleic acid fragment is present in the sample, a tripartite complex is formed, the substrate nucleic acid fragment is cleaved, and the fluorescent substance is separated from the quenching substance; and a step of irradiating the fluorescent substance with the

Abstract: A high-density micro-chamber array has a translucent flat substrate, a hydrophobic layer in which a plurality of micro-chambers are provided, and a lipid bilayer membrane formed in each of the openings of the micro-chambers, wherein an electrode is provided in each of the micro-chambers, and when the side of the substrate on which the hydrophobic layer is provided is directed upward, the micro-chamber array is configured such that with at least one of the following A) and B) being met, light entering the substrate from below is transmitted through the substrate and penetrates into the micro-chambers' interiors, and light entering the substrate from the micro-chambers' interiors is transmitted through the substrate and escapes toward below the substrate. A) The electrode is provided on an inner side surface of each of the micro-chambers. B) The electrode is transparent and provided on a bottom surface of each of the micro-chambers.

Abstract: A method for forming a lipid membrane vesicle includes: filling a chamber with a first aqueous solution by introducing it to a liquid flow path facing a microreactor chip hydrophobic layer main surface; forming a first lipid monolayer membrane in an opening part of the chamber filled with the solution; forming a second lipid monolayer membrane on a layer interface of the organic solvent formed on the main surface of the hydrophobic layer with a second aqueous solution by introducing the solution to the liquid flow path; allowing a first aqueous solution form in the chamber to alter to a spherical droplet covered with the first lipid monolayer membrane; and forming a lipid membrane vesicle by moving the droplet to a position of the second lipid monolayer membrane by applying a physical action, and by zipping the first lipid monolayer membrane covering the droplet and the second lipid monolayer membrane.

Abstract: A microreactor chip includes a substrate and a hydrophobic layer that is a layer provided on the substrate and made of a hydrophobic substance and is formed so that openings of a plurality of chambers are arranged regularly on a main surface of the layer. Each chamber is provided with a first lipid bilayer membrane and a second lipid bilayer membrane that are disposed with a gap therebetween in a depth direction so as to fractionate the chamber in the depth direction.

Abstract: A material film is formed as a thin film having a thickness of 1 ?m on a surface of a glass substrate. A plurality of micro-chambers having a diameter of 5 ?m are formed in the material film to be arrayed at a high density. The respective chambers filled with an aqueous test solution have openings that are liquid-sealed by a lipid bilayer membrane to provide a high-density micro-chamber array. Significant downsizing of the micro-chambers enhances a change in concentration by a reaction of one biomolecule in the chamber and thereby increases the detection sensitivity. In the configuration that a large number of micro-chambers are formed at a high density, even in the case of an extremely slow reaction of the biomolecule, the reaction proceeds in any of the chambers. This configuration accordingly enables the reaction of the biomolecule to be detected with high sensitivity.

Abstract: There is provided an optical transmission device including a first receiver configured to receive first signal light from a first route, a memory, a processor coupled to the memory and the processor configured to detect a first polarization fluctuation amount which is a change amount of a parameter indicating a polarization state within a predetermined time and the change amount of the first signal light received from the first route, and a second receiver configured to receive second signal light from a second route different from the first route when an absolute value of the detected first polarization fluctuation amount exceeds a first specific value.

Abstract: A high-density micro-chamber array has a translucent flat substrate, a hydrophobic layer in which a plurality of micro-chambers are provided, and a lipid bilayer membrane formed in each of the openings of the micro-chambers, wherein an electrode is provided in each of the micro-chambers, and when the side of the substrate on which the hydrophobic layer is provided is directed upward, the micro-chamber array is configured such that with at least one of the following A) and B) being met, light entering the substrate from below is transmitted through the substrate and penetrates into the micro-chambers' interiors, and light entering the substrate from the micro-chambers' interiors is transmitted through the substrate and escapes toward below the substrate. A) The electrode is provided on an inner side surface of each of the micro-chambers. B) The electrode is transparent and provided on a bottom surface of each of the micro-chambers.

Abstract: There is provided a network management device to manage a network on which an existing optical path is operated, the network management device including: a first receiver configured to receive data related to a measurement result of signal quality of a first optical signal having a first wavelength on the existing optical path; a second receiver configured to receive a request for adding a second optical signal having a second wavelength to the existing optical path; at least one memory configured to store a procedure; and at least one processor configured to execute the procedure of estimating a variation quantity in the signal quality of the first optical signal when the second optical signal is added to the existing optical path based on the data related to the measurement result, when the request is received, and determining whether to add the second optical signal based on results of the estimating.

Abstract: An image display apparatus sets a predetermined transparency for each pixel of at least one of a first image and a second image, the first image including an image of a communication device including a plurality of ports in a first state in a cable connection and the second image including an image of the communication device in a second state in the cable connection, aligns the image of the communication device included in the first image with the image of the communication device included in the second image, combines the first image and the second image aligned to each other according to the transparency to create a composite image, and displays the composite image on a display apparatus.

Abstract: There is provided a network management device to manage a network on which an existing optical path is operated, the network management device including: a first receiver configured to receive data related to a measurement result of signal quality of a first optical signal having a first wavelength on the existing optical path; a second receiver configured to receive a request for adding a second optical signal having a second wavelength to the existing optical path; at least one memory configured to store a procedure; and at least one processor configured to execute the procedure of estimating a variation quantity in the signal quality of the first optical signal when the second optical signal is added to the existing optical path based on the data related to the measurement result, when the request is received, and determining whether to add the second optical signal based on results of the estimating.

Abstract: A material film is formed as a thin film having a thickness of 1 ?m on a surface of a glass substrate. A plurality of micro-chambers having a diameter of 5 ?m are formed in the material film to be arrayed at a high density. The respective chambers filled with an aqueous test solution have openings that are liquid-sealed by a lipid bilayer membrane to provide a high-density micro-chamber array. Significant downsizing of the micro-chambers enhances a change in concentration by a reaction of one biomolecule in the chamber and thereby increases the detection sensitivity. In the configuration that a large number of micro-chambers are formed at a high density, even in the case of an extremely slow reaction of the biomolecule, the reaction proceeds in any of the chambers. This configuration accordingly enables the reaction of the biomolecule to be detected with high sensitivity.

Abstract: A design method includes calculating a calculated compensation amount of a dispersion compensation module arranged on each of a plurality of wavelength paths in such a way that a residual chromatic dispersion value of each of the wavelength paths which transmits an optical signal between an initial node and a final node satisfies a tolerance condition given in accordance with a priority given to each of the wavelength paths; and deciding a decision value to be applied as the compensation amount of the dispersion compensation module based on the calculated compensation amount based on a plurality of candidate values each being prepared in advance as the candidate for the compensation amount of the dispersion compensation module.

Abstract: A communication system is provided for communicating over a network. A plurality of transmission devices are disposed within a network and connected by transmission channels. A control device calculates initial data required during an initial operation of the transmission devices and sets the initial data to the transmission devices. The transmission devices perform reception processing using maximum likelihood sequence estimation, and the control device obtains, as the initial data, with respect to paths that are signal communication pathways between the transmission devices and in accordance with transmission states of individual paths, initial likelihood information that is initial-stage likelihood information for performing the maximum likelihood sequence estimation.

Abstract: A design method includes calculating a calculated compensation amount of a dispersion compensation module arranged on each of a plurality of wavelength paths in such a way that a residual chromatic dispersion value of each of the wavelength paths which transmits an optical signal between an initial node and a final node satisfies a tolerance condition given in accordance with a priority given to each of the wavelength paths; and deciding a decision value to be applied as the compensation amount of the dispersion compensation module based on the calculated compensation amount based on a plurality of candidate values each being prepared in advance as the candidate for the compensation amount of the dispersion compensation module.

Abstract: A communication system is provided for communicating over a network. A plurality of transmission devices are disposed within a network and connected by transmission channels. A control device calculates initial data required during an initial operation of the transmission devices and sets the initial data to the transmission devices. The transmission devices perform reception processing using maximum likelihood sequence estimation, and the control device obtains, as the initial data, with respect to paths that are signal communication pathways between the transmission devices and in accordance with transmission states of individual paths, initial likelihood information that is initial-stage likelihood information for performing the maximum likelihood sequence estimation.

Abstract: An optical amplifier to reduce signal loss by reducing crosstalk, and method therefor. A demultiplexer isolates an optical signal into a first wavelength band and a second wavelength band. The first and second wavelength bands are separately amplified in first and second optical amplifiers, respectfully, first and second optical amplifies each including cutoff filters to cutoff the wavelength band not corresponding to the particular amplifier. Optical receiving elements monitor light input to the first and second optical amplifiers and receive crosstalk signals on an output side.