Abstract: The invention relates to novel photoinitiators of formula (I) wherein each of the substituents is given the definition as set forth in the Specification and the claims. The photoinitiators can be used to prepare multifunctional photoinitiators.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel photoinitators of formulae (V), (II), (III), (IV), (V) and (VI) wherein R1 and R2 are each independently of the other C1-C8alkyl; C1-C4alkyl substituted by OH, C1-C4alkoxy, —COO(C1-C8alkyl), (C1-C4alkyl)-COO—, —CN, benzyl, phenyl or by —N(R15)(R16); C3-C6alkerlyl, benzyl, —CH2—C6H4—(C1-C4alkyl) or phenyl; or R1 and R2 together are unbranched or branched C2-C9alkylene or C3-C6-oxa- or -azaalkylene; R3, R4, R5 and R6 are each independently of the others hydrogen, C1-C8alkyl, C3-C6alkenyl, benzyl, —CH2—C6H4—(C1-C4alkyl) or phenyl; R3 and R4 together and/or R5 and R6 together are unbranched or branched C2-C9alkylene; A is Cl, Br, —O—R9, —N(R11)(R12) or —S—R18, A? is —O—, —NH— or —NR11—; A? is Cl, Br, —O—R9, —N(R11)(R12) or —S—R18 or hydrogen, X is —O—R10 or —N(R13)(R14), n is an integer from 1 to 10, preferably an integer from 1 to 4, especially 1, 2 or 3; R7 is a linker; R8 is a bivalent C2-C3alkylele radical.

Abstract: The Invention relates to novel ketones of formulae (I) and (II) wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are, for example, C1-C8alkyl, R5 is, for example, hydrogen, A is CI, Br, -0-R7, —NR8R9 or —S—R16, A? is —O—, —NH— or —NR8—, X and Y are each independently of the other —O—R10 or —N(R11)(R12), n is an integer from 1 to 10, R6 is, for example, an n-valent radical of linear or branched C2-C20alkyl the carbon chain of which may be interrupted by cyclohexanediyl, phenylene, —CH(OH)—, —C(C2H5)(CH2—CH2—OH)—, —C(CH3)(CH2—CH2—OH)—, —C(CH2—CH2—OH)2—, —N(CH3)—, —N(C2H5)—, —N(CH2—CH2—OH)—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —P(CH2—CH2—OH)—, —P(O)(CH2—CH2—OH)—, -0-P(O—CH2—CH2—OH)—O—, -0-P(O)(0-CH2—CH2—OH)—O—, —O-cyclohexanediyl-C(CH3)2-Cyclohexanediyl-O—, —O-phenylene-C(CH3)2-phenylene-O—, —O-phenylene-CH2-phenylene-O—, —Si(CH3)2—, -0-Si(CH3)2—O—, —O—Si(CH3)(0-CH3)—O—, —Si(CH3)(R17)—O—Si(CH3)(R18)—, 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-[1,3,5]triazinane-2,4,6-trione-1,3-diyl and/or by from one to nine oxygen atoms.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a crystalline isomeric mixture of compounds of formulae (I) and (II) which process comprises the following steps: a) the slow addition of aluminium chloride, in portions, to a solution comprising 1,1,3-trimethyl-3-phenylindan and isobutyric acid halide in a suitable solvent at a reaction temperature of from ?20° C. to 20° C., an isomeric mixture consisting of compounds of formulae (Ia) and (IIa) being obtained; b) enol chlorination of compounds (Ia) and (IIa), an isomeric mixture consisting of compounds of formulae (Ib) and (IIb) being obtained; c) hydrolysis of the chlorinated isomeric mixture from step b). The invention relates also to the preparation of the individual compounds (I) and (II).

Abstract: Benzophenone derivatives of formula I R1, R2 and R3 are each independently of the others hydrogen or C1-C4alkyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl; R4, R5 and R6 are each independently of the others hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl; R7 and R8 are each independently of the other hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl; with the provisos that (i) at least one radical R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 is other than hydrogen; (ii) when all radicals R4, R5 , R6, R7 and R8 are hydrogen and only one radical R1, R2, R3 is C1-C4alkyl, that radical must be in the meta-position of the phenyl ring; and (iii) when all radicals R1, R2, R3, R7 and R8 are hydrogen and two of the radicals R4, R5 and R6 are hydrogen and the remaining radical R4, R5 or R6 is C1-C4alkyl, that alkyl radical is not bonded in the para-position on the phenyl ring; are found to be especially suitable in photocurable compositions in respect of solubility, reactivity and a low level of yellowing.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel photoinitiators of formula (I) wherein A is —O—, —CH2?, CH(CH3)— or —C(CH3)2?, and R is methyl or trimethylsilyl, and R may in addition be hydrogen when A is simultaneously the group —C(CH3)2?. The invention relates also to compositions comprising (A) at least one ethylenically unsaturated compound, (B) a photoinitiator of formula (I), (C) optionally further binders or additives, (D) optionally further photoinitiators or co-initiators. Compositions comprising (A) an ethylenically unsaturated compound that contains at least one aminoacrylate, (B) a photoinitiator of formula (II) or (III), (C) optionally further binders or additives, (D) optionally further photoinitiators or co-initiators.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I), wherein Y is, for example, C3-C,12alkylene, butenylene, butynylene, or C4-C,12alkylene interrupted one or more times by non-consecutive —O— or —NR2—; R1 is a reactive group selected from OH, SH, NR3R4, —(CO)—OH, —(CO)—NH2, SO3H, —C(R5)?CR6R7, oxiranyl, —O—(CO)—NH—R8—NCO and —O—(CO)—R9—(CO)—X; R2 is hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl or C2-C4 hydroxyalkyl; R3 and R4 are each independently of the other hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl or C2-C4hydroxyalkyl; R5, R6 and R7 are each independently of the others hydrogen or methyl; R8 is, for example, linear or branched C4-C12alkylene, or phenylene; R9 is, for example, linear branched C1-C16alkylene, —CH?CH—, —CH?CH—CH2—, C6-cycloalkylene, phenylene or naphthylene; and X, X1 and X2 are each independently of the others OH, Cl, OCH3 or OC2H5; are suitable as photoinitiators that can be incorporated in a formulation to be cured.

Abstract: The invention relates to ?-hydroxy ketones of formula I or IIa; or mixtures of compounds of formula I and II; or mixtures of compounds of formulae Ia and IIa

Abstract: A novel process for the preparation of compounds of formula I ##STR1## by aminolysis of a p-halophenyl alkyl ketone of formula II ##STR2## with a cyclic amine of formula III ##STR3## in water at a temperature of at least 130.degree. C., in which formulae X is a halogen atom and R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are as claimed in claim 1, as well as the novel compounds of formula I and their use for the preparation of photoinitiators for the photopolymerisation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds.

Abstract: A novel process for the preparation of compounds of formula I ##STR1## by aminolysis of a p-halophenyl alkyl ketone of formula II ##STR2## with a cyclic amine of formula III ##STR3## in water at a temperature of at least 130.degree. C., in which formulae X is a halogen atom and R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are as claimed in claim 1, as well as the novel compounds of formula I and their use for the preparation of photoinitiators for the photopolymerisation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of polyalkylated aromatic carboxylic acids of formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are each independently of one another hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, halogen or C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, with the proviso that at least two of the substituents R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 or R.sub.5 are alkyl and/or cycloalkyl, by reacting corresponding aromatic hydrocarbons with carbon dioxide, which reaction is carried out observing special ratios of temperature and pressure. The invention furthermore relates to a one-pot process for the preparation of the corresponding acyl halides.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I, II, III and IIIa ##STR1## in which Ar.sup.1 is an unsubstituted or substituted aromatic radical and at least one of the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is an alkenyl, cycloalkenyl or arylmethyl group, are effective photoinitiators for photopolymerization of unsaturated compounds. They are particularly suitable for photocuring of pigmented systems.

Abstract: Liquid highly active photoinitiators are obtained by dissolving a solid photoinitiator of the titanocene type in liquid photoinitiators of the acetal or ketal type. The liquid mixtures have a long dark storage stability.

Abstract: Titanocenes of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 are cyclopentadienyl.sup..crclbar. groups and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are aromatic radicals which are substituted in both ortho-positions by fluorine and, in addition, are substituted by an acyloxy group are suitable as photoinitiators for the photopolymerization of ethylenically unsaturated compounds.

Abstract: Liquid highly active photoinitiators are obtained by dissolving a solid photoinitiator of the titanocene type in liquid photoinitiators of the acetal or ketal type. The liquid mixtures have a long dark storage stability.

Abstract: Silylated acylphosphine oxides of formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are defined in the specification, are highly suitable as photoinitiators for the photopolymerization of compounds which can be polymerized by means of free radicals, namely ethylenically unsaturated compounds.

Abstract: Titanocenes of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 are cyclopentadienyl.sup..crclbar. groups and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are aromatic radicals which are substituted in both ortho-positions by fluorine and, in addition, are substituted by an acyloxy group are suitable as photoinitiators for the photopolymerization of ethylenically unsaturated compounds.

Abstract: Propiophenones of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, --Si(CH.sub.3).sub.3, allyl or benzyl, R.sup.2 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl which is substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy or --OH, --(CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O).sub.n --R.sup.5 where n is 2 to 20 and R.sup.5 is H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, --Si(CH.sub.3).sub.3, benzyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -alkenyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 -alkynyl or 2-tetrahydrofuranyl, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together are a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkylidene radical or a C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkylidene radical which is substituted by hydroxyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy or phenyl, a linear or branched C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkanediyl radical, a benzylidene, cyclopentylidene or cyclohexylidene radical or a 2,2,2-trichloroethylidene, 2-furylmethylidene or dimethylsilylidene radical, R.sup.3 is phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more --Cl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy or C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: The photopolymerizable composition described containsA) at least one ethylenically unsaturated photopolymerizable compound,B) a photoinitiator of the formula I ##STR1## and C) a photosensitizer from the group of aromatic carbonyl compounds having a triplet energy of 225-310 kJ/mol, for example xanthones, thioxanthones, coumarins, phthalimides, phenones and the like.Ar is phenyl substituted in the 4-position by a substituted amino group, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are alkyl, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are alkyl or alkoxyalkyl, or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together are 3-oxapentamethylene. Said sensitizers C) raise the activity of said photoinitiators (B) without shortening the shelf life of the mixtures. The photocurable mixtures are used especially as binders for printing inks or paints.

Abstract: Titanocenes containing two 5-membered cyclodienyl groups, for example cyclopentadienyl, and one or two 6-membered carbocyclic or 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic aromatic rings which are substituted by a fluorine atom in at least one of the two ortho-positions to the titanium-carbon bond and contain, as a further substituent, unsubstituted or substituted 1-pyrryl, are suitable as photoinitiators for radiation-induced polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated compounds.