Abstract: A resin composition for transparent substrates comprises an epoxy resin (A) and a curing agent (B), wherein the curing agent (B) comprises a cyclohexane tricarboxylic anhydride.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, including: photoconductor; charging unit; exposing unit; developing unit containing toner; transfer unit; and fixing unit, wherein the toner includes external additive and base particles containing binder resin, colorant, and release agent, the toner has melt viscosity at 100° C. of 500 Pa·s to 8,000 Pa·s and the release agent has melt viscosity at 100° C. of 20 mPa·s to 30 mPa·s, the fixing unit includes fixing member that has roller or belt shape and contacts toner image transferred onto recording medium, and the fixing member includes release layer on surface thereof that is to be brought into contact with the toner image transferred onto the recording medium, and wherein the release layer satisfies the following expressions: 45??c1?10, and 10??c1??c2, where ?c1 denotes receding contact angle [°] of the release agent to the release layer and ?c2 denotes receding contact angle [°] of the release agent to the toner.

Abstract: A toner including a crystalline resin wherein the crystalline resin contains a crystalline resin having a urethane bond, a urea bond or both thereof, and wherein the crystalline resin has an average crystallite diameter of 20 nm to 70 nm.

Abstract: Provided is a static charge image developing toner of which flowing start temperatures (Tfb) measured with a flow tester satisfy relational formulae below: Tfb(2-5)=100?[Tfb(5 Kg)/Tfb(2 Kg)]×100??(Formula 1) 2.00?Tfb(2-5)?6.50??(Formula 2) where in Formula 1 above, Tfb(2 Kg) and Tfb(5 Kg) represent flowing start temperatures of the static charge image developing toner when 1.5 g of the toner is heated at a temperature raising rate of 3° C./minute and let to flow out from a die having a diameter of 1.0 mm under loads of 2 Kg and 5 Kg respectively.

Abstract: A toner containing colorant, releasing agent, and binder resin containing crystalline polyester resin, and non-crystalline polyester resin containing urethane bond, urea bond, or both, the non-crystalline polyester resin containing first and second non-crystalline polyester resins, both containing urethane bond, or urea bond, or both, wherein monomers constituting the first non-crystalline polyester resin contains isocyanate monomer for forming the urethane bond, the urea bond, or the both, in an amount of 0.5 mol % or greater to total amount of the monomers, monomers constituting the second non-crystalline polyester resin contain isocyanate monomer for forming the urethane bond, the urea bond, or the both, in an amount of 0.5 mol % or greater to total amount of the monomers, the first non-crystalline polyester resin has Tg of ?60° C. or higher but lower than 10° C., and the second non-crystalline polyester resin has Tg of 30° C. or higher but lower than 70° C.

Abstract: A yellow toner including: a non-crystalline resin; C.I. Pigment Yellow 185; and a releasing agent, wherein the yellow toner has a glass transition temperature of more than 18° C. but less than 40° C.

Abstract: Instant noodles are produced, which have an excellent reconstitution property, can be reconstituted by pouring of boiling water even if the noodles are thicker than before, and have excellent taste and texture. The instant noodles are produced by: making raw noodle strings each having a multilayer structure including three or more layers; spraying superheated steam to the raw noodle strings; gelatinizing the noodle strings to which the superheated steam has been sprayed; and drying the noodle strings which have been gelatinized. It is preferable to gelatinize the noodle strings by spraying the superheated steam to the noodle strings, supplying moisture in liquid form to the noodle strings, and further heating the noodle strings by using the superheated steam and/or saturated steam.

Abstract: A toner, including: a crystalline resin; a non-crystalline resin; and a colorant, wherein the toner has a sea-island structure which includes a sea containing the crystalline resin and an island containing the non-crystalline resin and the colorant, wherein the island is 1.0 ?m or less in domain diameter, and wherein the toner is 1.7×104 Pa or less in storage elastic modulus at 160° C.

Abstract: A toner, including: a binder resin; and a colorant, wherein the toner has a storage modulus of 1.0×107 Pa or more at 50° C., a loss modulus of 8.0×104 Pa to 2.0×105 Pa at 80° C., and a loss modulus of 2.0×102 Pa to 1.0×103 Pa at 160° C.

Abstract: To provide a toner, which contains: a non-crystalline polyester resin A obtained through a reaction between a non-linear chain reactive precursor and a curing agent, and having a glass transition temperature of ?60° C. to 0° C.; a non-crystalline polyester resin B having a glass transition temperature of 40° C. to 70° C.; and a crystalline polyester resin C, wherein the toner has a glass transition temperature Tg1st of 20° C. to 40° C. as measured with first heating in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Abstract: The purpose of the invention is to obtain, with a simple circuit configuration, an LED illumination device having an LED column driven by a pulsating voltage, capable of lighting with little flicker, and also having lighting control capability. The LED illumination device (400) comprises: an LED column (210) including a plurality of LEDs (211) connected in series; a rectifier (460) receiving an AC power supply (202) and outputting a pulsating voltage to the LED column (210); a current limit circuit (420) connected to the LED column (210) in series and having resistor elements (424 to 426); and a control circuit (250) for controlling the current flowing through the LED column (210) by controlling the resistor elements (424 to 426) and thereby controlling the lighting of the LED column (210).

Abstract: An electrostatic image forming toner including: toner base particles each containing at least a colorant, a binder resin, and a releasing agent, wherein the binder resin contains a non-crystalline polyester resin A and a crystalline polyester resin B, wherein a ratio of B/(A+B)×100 is 10 or more but less than 50 where (A+B) is a total mass of the non-crystalline polyester resin A and the crystalline polyester resin B and “B” is a mass of the crystalline polyester resin B, and wherein the toner base particles have a TMA compression deformation amount (TMA %) of 10% or less which is measured at 50° C. and a relative humidity of 90%.

Abstract: To provide a toner, including at least: a non-crystalline polyester resin; and a crystalline polyester resin, wherein the toner has a glass transition temperature in a first heating Tg1st and a glass transition temperature in a second heating Tg2nd, and a difference between Tg1st and Tg2nd (Tg1st-Tg2nd) is 10° C. or greater, and wherein the crystalline polyester resin is a modified crystalline polyester resin having a urethane skeleton or a urea skeleton, or both thereof.

Abstract: When an LED lighting apparatus which is a lighter load than an incandescent lamp or halogen lamp is connected to a dimmer, a malfunction may occur. The invention prevents the occurrence of such malfunction without defeating the purpose of low power consumption of the LED lighting apparatus. More specifically, the LED lighting apparatus includes a rectifier circuit, a light-emitting circuit connected to the rectifier circuit and containing a single or a plurality of LEDs in which current begins to flow when an output voltage of the rectifier circuit exceeds a threshold voltage, and a bypass circuit having a bypass path for making the current flow to the rectifier circuit without passing through the light-emitting circuit, and a detecting unit for detecting the current flowing through the light-emitting circuit, and wherein when the current detected by the detecting unit exceeds a predetermined value, the bypass circuit shuts off the current flowing through the bypass path.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner obtained from a dispersion or emulsion liquid of an oil phase containing a toner material in an aqueous medium, the toner including: a binder resin, wherein the toner material includes: (A) an epoxy resin prepolymer; (B) an adduct of a dihydric phenol with a polyalkylene oxide; (C) a phenolic compound, or an alcohol compound, or both thereof; and (D) a carboxylic acid compound, and wherein the binder resin includes a resin obtained by allowing the (A), the (B), the (C) and the (D) to react with each other.

Abstract: To provide a toner containing toner base particles, in each of which a colorant and a releasing agent are encapsulated with a binder resin, where the toner base particles are obtained by the method containing: mixing and emulsifying a mixture containing the binder resin, the colorant, the releasing agent, and an organic solvent in an aqueous medium in the presence of resin particles, wherein the aqueous medium contains a surfactant and an inorganic salt.

Abstract: To provide an electrophotographic toner, which contains a crystalline resin, a non-crystalline resin, a colorant, and a releasing agent, wherein the toner has a storage elastic modulus of 5.0×104 Pa to 5.0×106 Pa at 80° C., and a storage elastic modulus of 2.0×102 Pa to 2.0×103 Pa at 140° C., and wherein the toner has a ratio (C)/((C)+(A)) of 0.10 or greater, where (C) is an integrated intensity of a diffraction spectrum derived from a crystalline structure, (A) is an integrated intensity of a diffraction spectrum derived from a non-crystalline structure, and the diffraction spectrum is a diffraction spectrum of the toner as measured by an X-ray diffraction spectrometer.

Abstract: To provide a toner, which contains a colorant, a binder resin, and a releasing agent, wherein the toner satisfies the following (a) to (c); (a) the toner contains at least a polyester resin as the binder resin; (b) the toner has Tg1st of 25° C. to 50° C.; and (c) the toner has a TMA compressive deformation rate (TMA %) of 10% or lower at 50° C. under a condition having relative humidity of 70%, wherein the Tg1st is glass transition temperature of the toner for first heating, as the toner is measured by a DSC system (a differential scanning calorimeter).

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing instant noodles which have an excellent reconstitution property and excellent taste and texture and can be reconstituted by pouring boiling water even if the noodles are thicker than before. In the method for producing the instant noodles, a noodle belt is extremely strongly rolled out once or more at a rolling rate of 60% or higher in a noodle belt rolling step, raw noodle strings are obtained from the noodle belt, superheated steam is sprayed to the obtained raw noodle strings, moisture is supplied or not supplied to the noodle strings, the noodle strings are steamed by saturated steam or superheated steam or are boiled to realize gelatinization, and the noodle strings are dried after the gelatinization.

Abstract: A toner including: a binder resin component; crystal nucleating agent; releasing agent; and colorant, wherein the binder resin component contains a crystalline polyester resin and a non-crystalline polyester resin, the crystal nucleating agent is at least one of an aliphatic ester compound and an aliphatic amide compound each having a melting point of 60° C. or higher but lower than 150° C., and wherein the toner satisfies Expressions (I) and (II): Tc>Tp+10??Expression (I) Tm>Tp+2??Expression (II) where Tp denotes lowest exothermic peak temperature [° C.] in 0° C. to 200° C. in DSC curve obtained DSC of the crystalline polyester resin, Tc denotes lowest exothermic peak temperature [° C.] in 0° C. to 200° C. in DSC curve obtained DSC of the crystal nucleating agent, and Tm denotes lowest exothermic peak temperature [° C.] in 0° C. to 200° C. in DSC curve through DSC of the mixture of the crystalline polyester resin and the crystal nucleating agent.