Abstract: Hybrid ventilation apparatuses, systems and methods are provided. Some example mechanical ventilation apparatuses include a gas delivery system, at least one oxygen concentrator for generating oxygen enriched gas for delivery to a patient, at least one pressurized oxygen source for providing oxygen for delivery to the patient, and a controller. Based at least in part on an FIO2 setting for the gas to be delivered to the patient, the controller may determine an oxygen enriched gas flow rate of the oxygen enriched gas and a pressurized oxygen source flow rate of the oxygen from the at least one pressurized oxygen source, for the gas to be delivered to the patient. The controller may control the gas delivery system to deliver the gas to the patient in accordance with the FIO2 setting, the determined oxygen enriched gas flow rate, and the determined pressurized oxygen source flow rate.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a platform, controller, and first and second extension members, brush tool members, and brush tools. The platform has a length orthogonal to and greater than its width. The first and second extension members are movably coupled to the platform and their longitudinal axes are parallel to the length of the platform. The first and second brush tool members are coupled to and extend along the longitudinal axes of the first and second extension members respectively. The first and second brush tools are coupled to and extend along the longitudinal axes of the first and second brush tool members respectively. The controller moves the first extension member towards the front end of the platform, retracts the first extension member towards the back end of the platform, and at a second time after the first time, moves the second extension member towards the front end of the platform.

Abstract: A system includes a platform, an extension member, a spray tool member, and a spray tool. The platform is coupled to and positioned above the carriage. The platform has a length greater than and orthogonal to its width. The extension member is coupled to the platform and its longitudinal axis is parallel to the platform's length. The spray tool member's back end is coupled to the extension member's front end. The spray tool is coupled to the spray tool member's front end and includes a first nozzle oriented in a first direction, a second nozzle oriented in the first direction and positioned in line with the first nozzle, a third nozzle oriented in a second direction and positioned between and offset from the first and second nozzles, and a fourth nozzle oriented in a third direction and positioned between and offset from the first and second nozzles.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a carriage, platform, extension member, brush tool member, brush tool, and controller. The carriage is coupled to and moves along a track. The platform has a length orthogonal to and greater than its width and transverse to the lateral direction when in an operational state. The platform pivots such that its front and back ends move vertically in opposite directions. The extension member is movably coupled to the platform and its longitudinal axis is parallel to the platform's length. The back end of the brush tool member is coupled to the front end of the extension member. The brush tool is coupled to the front end of the brush tool member. The controller configured moves the extension member towards the front end of the platform such that a portion of the brush tool extends beyond the front end of the platform.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a carriage, a platform, an extension member, and a spray tool member. The carriage moves along the track in a lateral direction. The platform is coupled to and positioned above the carriage. The length of the platform is greater than and orthogonal to the width of the platform and transverse to the lateral direction when in an operational state. The platform pivots about a fulcrum positioned between the platform and the carriage such that the front end and the back end of the platform move vertically in opposite directions. The extension member is movably coupled to the platform and has a longitudinal axis parallel to the length of the platform. The extension member extends away from the carriage in a first mode and retracts towards the carriage in a second mode. The spray tool member is coupled to the front end of the extension member.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a carriage, a foundation, a pivot coupler, a platform, a coupler, a linear actuator, an extension member, a spray tool member, and a controller. The carriage moves along the track. The foundation is coupled to the carriage. The pivot coupler is coupled to the foundation. The coupler is coupled to the platform. The coupler couples the platform to the pivot coupler. The extension member is coupled to the linear actuator. The spray tool member is coupled to the extension member. The controller is configured to cause the carriage to move along the track, the platform to pivot, and the extension member to move in the lengthwise direction to position a spray tool coupled to the spray tool member at a spray position from which the spray tool may discharge a solution to a teat of a dairy livestock.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a carriage, a platform, an extension member, and a spray tool member. The carriage moves along the track in a lateral direction. The platform is coupled to and positioned above the carriage. The length of the platform is greater than and orthogonal to the width of the platform and transverse to the lateral direction when in an operational state. The platform pivots about a fulcrum positioned between the platform and the carriage such that the front end and the back end of the platform move vertically in opposite directions. The extension member is movably coupled to the platform and has a longitudinal axis parallel to the length of the platform. The extension member extends away from the carriage in a first mode and retracts towards the carriage in a second mode. The spray tool member is coupled to the front end of the extension member.

Abstract: A system includes a platform, an extension member, a spray tool member, and a spray tool. The platform is coupled to and positioned above the carriage. The platform has a length greater than and orthogonal to its width. The extension member is coupled to the platform and its longitudinal axis is parallel to the platform's length. The spray tool member's back end is coupled to the extension member's front end. The spray tool is coupled to the spray tool member's front end and includes a first nozzle oriented in a first direction, a second nozzle oriented in the first direction and positioned in line with the first nozzle, a third nozzle oriented in a second direction and positioned between and offset from the first and second nozzles, and a fourth nozzle oriented in a third direction and positioned between and offset from the first and second nozzles.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a carriage, platform, extension member, brush tool member, brush tool, and controller. The carriage is coupled to and moves along a track. The platform has a length orthogonal to and greater than its width and transverse to the lateral direction when in an operational state. The platform pivots such that its front and back ends move vertically in opposite directions. The extension member is movably coupled to the platform and its longitudinal axis is parallel to the platform's length. The back end of the brush tool member is coupled to the front end of the extension member. The brush tool is coupled to the front end of the brush tool member. The controller configured moves the extension member towards the front end of the platform such that a portion of the brush tool extends beyond the front end of the platform.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a carriage, a foundation, a pivot coupler, a platform, a coupler, a linear actuator, an extension member, a spray tool member, and a controller. The carriage moves along the track. The foundation is coupled to the carriage. The pivot coupler is coupled to the foundation. The coupler is coupled to the platform. The coupler couples the platform to the pivot coupler. The extension member is coupled to the linear actuator. The spray tool member is coupled to the extension member. The controller is configured to cause the carriage to move along the track, the platform to pivot, and the extension member to move in the lengthwise direction to position a spray tool coupled to the spray tool member at a spray position from which the spray tool may discharge a solution to a teat of a dairy livestock.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a platform, controller, and first and second extension members, brush tool members, and brush tools. The platform has a length orthogonal to and greater than its width. The first and second extension members are movably coupled to the platform and their longitudinal axes are parallel to the length of the platform. The first and second brush tool members are coupled to and extend along the longitudinal axes of the first and second extension members respectively. The first and second brush tools are coupled to and extend along the longitudinal axes of the first and second brush tool members respectively. The controller moves the first extension member towards the front end of the platform, retracts the first extension member towards the back end of the platform, and at a second time after the first time, moves the second extension member towards the front end of the platform.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a carriage, camera, spray tool, and controller. The carriage is movably coupled to a track. The camera and spray tool are coupled to the carriage. The controller moves the carriage along the track away from a starting position based on a first signal from the camera, and as the carriage moves away from the starting position, discharges, through the spray tool, a solution for a first time. The controller moves the carriage towards the starting position after the solution has been discharged for the first time, and based on a second signal from the camera as the carriage moves towards the starting position and before the carriage reaches the starting position, moves the carriage away from the starting position. As the carriage moves away from the starting position, the controller discharges, through the spray tool, the solution for a second time.