Abstract: A method for determining a scaled respiratory flow rate and volume during respiration of a patient includes a) successively determining a plurality of values for a difference between a pressure in at least a first location in an upper respiratory tract of the patient and a reference pressure, b) deriving the scaled respiratory flow rate from the plurality of values for the pressure difference by using a first relationship, c) deriving the scaled respiratory volume from the plurality of values for the pressure difference by using a second relationship, and d) displaying the scaled respiratory flow rate derived in step b) and the scaled respiratory volume derived in step c) or a further variable derived from the scaled respiratory flow rate and volume in a graphical representation. Step a) is performed during tidal breathing of the patient. A system for performing the aforementioned method.

Abstract: A method for monitoring a system for injecting heated air into a patient. The system includes a source of air, a device for heating the air, a cannula for insertion into nostrils of the patient, a first conduit interconnecting the source and the device, and a second conduit interconnecting the device and the cannula. The method includes deriving pressure in the cannula from pressure of the air between the source and the cannula. The method includes measuring a pressure of the air at between the source and the cannula, determining a flow rate of the air in the system, deriving a first function representative of a respiratory flow rate of the patient from the measured pressure and the system air flow rate, deriving a second function representative of a respiratory volume of the patient from the measured pressure and the system air flow rate, and graphically displaying the functions.

Abstract: A method and arrangement for the texturing of a moving steel strip wherein a texture is applied to a surface of a moving steel strip by ablation by means of a single laser beam or a plurality of laser beams directed at the surface of the moving steel strip and wherein a liquid is supplied on the moving steel strip over a surface area on the moving steel strip that covers the working area of the single laser beam or the plurality of laser beams on the moving steel strip.

Abstract: A method and arrangement for the texturing of a moving steel strip wherein a texture is applied to a surface of a moving steel strip by ablation by means of a single laser beam or a plurality of laser beams directed at the surface of the moving steel strip and wherein a liquid is supplied on the moving steel strip over a surface area on the moving steel strip that covers the working area of the single laser beam or the plurality of laser beams on the moving steel strip.