Abstract: The present disclosure relates to detecting subterranean formations using electromagnetic depth sounding. A method for detecting formation properties may comprise of disposing a transmitter at a surface, disposing a receiver at the surface, coupling a high frequency wave to a low frequency wave to form an electromagnetic pulse, transmitting the electromagnetic pulse into a formation from the transmitter, receiving a reflected electromagnetic wave from the formation with the receiver, and determining the depth and nature of the formation from the surface. A formation measuring system may comprise a transmitter, wherein the transmitter is configured to couple a high frequency wave to a low frequency wave to form an electromagnetic pulse. The formation measuring system may further comprise at least one receiver, a data acquisition system, and an analysis unit.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to detecting subterranean formations using electromagnetic depth sounding. A method for detecting formation properties may comprise of disposing a transmitter at a surface, disposing a receiver at the surface, coupling a high frequency wave to a low frequency wave to form an electromagnetic pulse, transmitting the electromagnetic pulse into a formation from the transmitter, receiving a reflected electromagnetic wave from the formation with the receiver, and determining the depth and nature of the formation from the surface. A formation measuring system may comprise a transmitter, wherein the transmitter is configured to couple a high frequency wave to a low frequency wave to form an electromagnetic pulse. The formation measuring system may further comprise at least one receiver, a data acquisition system, and an analysis unit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for surveying a three dimensional sub-surface geological structure having seismic scatterers includes establishing an acquisition system (19) having at least two substantially vertical arrays of sensors (20) disposed within the geological structure. Each array (20) includes multiple directional sensing receivers 30 adapted to receive seismic energy (28, 97) produced from the seismic scatterers (24) in response to at least one seismic disturbance (27). The multiple directional sensing receivers (30) are adapted to provide a measurement of the received seismic energy. A recorder records the measurements of the received seismic energy for producing a complete vector field response of the seismic scatterers to the at least one seismic disturbance. Lastly, a processor processes the complete vector field to generate a three-dimensional image.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for surveying a three dimensional sub-surface geological structure having seismic scatterers includes establishing an acquisition system (19) having at least two substantially vertical arrays of sensors (20) disposed within the geological structure. Each array (20) includes multiple directional sensing receivers 30 adapted to receive seismic energy (28, 97) produced from the seismic scatterers (24) in response to at least one seismic disturbance (27). The multiple directional sensing receivers (30) are adapted to provide a measurement of the received seismic energy. A recorder records the measurements of the received seismic energy for producing a complete vector field response of the seismic scatterers to the at least one seismic disturbance. Lastly, a processor processes the complete vector field to generate a three-dimensional image.

Abstract: A method for locating leak from a tank containing a fluid using acoustic signals by adaptively correlating the phase of the acoustic signals to determine a first set of possible leak locations and subsequently correlating acoustic signals from a second set of locations on the tank to determine a second set of possible leak locations and converging the first and second set of possible leak locations to determine the location of the leak.

Abstract: Seismic data is cross correlated with a correlation reference which is an amplitude modified version of a nonlinear sweep. The amplitude modification provides both deboost and tapering.