Abstract: A multiple-atom silicon quantum dot is provided that includes multiple dangling bonds on an otherwise H-terminated in silicon surface, each dangling bonds having one of three ionization states of +1, 0 or ?1 and corresponding respectively to 0, 1, or 2 electrons in a dangling bond state. The dangling bonds together in close proximity and having the dangling bond states energetically in the silicon band gap with selective control of the ionization state of one of the dangling bonds. A new class of electronics elements is provided through the inclusion of at least one input and at least one output to the multiple dangling bonds. Selective modification or creation of a dangling bond is also detailed.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a mercaptal of an oligosaccharide which process comprises the step of reacting the oligosaccharide with a thiol in the presence of an aqueous halocarboxylic or halosulphonic acid.

Abstract: A rotary forging or upsetting machine comprising an upper platen and a lower platen, the lower platen being rotatable about a first axis and the upper platen being rotatable about a second axis which intersects the first axis, the upper platen being mounted on carrier which is pivotable about an axis which passes through the point of intersection of the first and second axes, means being provided for adjusting the angle of the upper platen while the platens are rotating, and means being provided for applying a force to the lower platen to move it towards the upper platen so that a workpiece carried by the lower platen is deformed by the upper platen moving around the workpiece.

Abstract: The orbital welding torch described herein has a horse-shoe shaped body arranged to engage partially around the tubes to be butt welded when inserted from one side of the tubes, and a crescent shaped table carrying a welding head which is rotatably carried by the body so that rotation of the table relative the body orbits the welding head around the region of the weld, the open mouth of the table being capable of alignment with the open mouth of the body to enable the body to be inserted from one side of the tube to engage partially around the tubes.