Abstract: Piezoelectric transducer arrays enhanced with flexoelectric effects and a method thereof is disclosed. The array can include an ultrathin piezoelectric ring that includes embedded rings. Adjacent ring transducers can be completely separated from each other on a supporting substrate. The supporting substrate can have cavities to support the transducer array. Additionally, such an array can include electrodes attached to the rings.

Abstract: Piezoelectric transducer arrays and methods of making the same are discussed. Such an array can include a piezoelectric film comprising a plurality of segments. Adjacent segments can be separated by trenches of a plurality of trenches in the piezoelectric film. Additionally, such an array can include a plurality of electrodes attached to the plurality of segments.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus and method for collecting a specimen of middle ear fluid, through the ear drum of a patient, for subsequent culturing. The present invention involves using a needle that is adapted for puncturing through the ear drum, with a fluid absorbent material disposed on the needle to absorb a sufficient specimen of middle ear fluid for subsequent culturing and identification of bacteria present. Such an apparatus can be made inexpensively and disposable after each use. A stop guard can be secured to the needle to inhibit penetration of the needle beyond a desired depth through the ear drum. The stop guard enables the desired depth of penetration, through the ear drum, to be determined without having to rely solely on the skill of the practitioner performing the procedure.