Abstract: A process of preparing gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles is disclosed and includes forming a suspension of magnetic nanoparticles within a suitable liquid, adding an amount of a reducible gold compound and a reducing agent to the suspension, and, maintaining the suspension for time sufficient to form gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles.

Abstract: A light beam is deflected by refraction and total internal reflection through a first prism, and projected through a first lens onto a scene that is to be scanned. The prism rotates, which varies the deflection angle and scans the beam across the scene along a scan line. Preferably, the successive side surfaces of the prism have different tilt angles relative to the rotation axis, so as to respectively deflect the beam in different deflection planes which cause successive scan lines of the beam across the scene. The emitted beam gives rise to a reflected beam from the scene, which is received through a second lens and deflected onto a photodetector through a second prism congruent to and rotating synchronously with the first prism. This apparatus is suitable as a laser scanning device for an object recognition system or a spacing distance regulation system of a motor vehicle.

Abstract: An LED array has a plurality of LED chains, which each have at least one LED and are connected in parallel. The LED array has at least one output for feeding back radiation generated to a power supply unit. Preferably, at least one reference LED chain is connected in parallel with the LED chains and a photosensitive component is provided, the photosensitive component detecting the radiation emitted by the reference LED chain. The photosensitive component generates a measurement signal in a manner dependent on the radiation generated by the reference LED chain, which signal serves for providing feedback to the power supply unit.

Abstract: An aspiration means for a power hand tool, more particularly a router adapted to be set on the workpiece to be processed and is able to be moved in relation to the workpiece and the tool bit extends through workpiece, the support plate and is preferably able to be moved in relation to support plate vertically. There is a provision such that at the support plate of the tool a receiving orifice means is provided directed toward the tool, such opening being funnel-like, to receive waste, chips or the like, with which by way of a connection vacuum may be connected for the removal of the waste or, respectively, the chips.

Abstract: An LED array has a plurality of LED chains, which each have at least one LED and are connected in parallel. The LED array has at least one output for feeding back radiation generated to a power supply unit. Preferably, at least one reference LED chain is connected in parallel with the LED chains and a photosensitive component is provided, the photosensitive component detecting the radiation emitted by the reference LED chain. The photosensitive component generates a measurement signal in a manner dependent on the radiation generated by the reference LED chain, which signal serves for providing feedback to the power supply unit.

Abstract: A device to stop the penetration of a cranial drill that is used to pierce the skull during neurosurgical procedures. The device uses a plurality of spacers that each have a body in the form of a cylinder having a bore extending therethrough with a flat disc adjacent the cylindrical body with a plurality of tabs fixed to the disk in a circumferential pattern around the bore and axially aligned therewith. The periphery of the disk having a diameter larger than the cylindrical body portion to form a gripping member. Each of the tabs having an indent positioned on an outer surface and an interior surface of the cylindrical body portion having a bead positioned around the interior diameter of the cylindrical body portion so that the indents in the tabs are adapted to engage and retain a bead of another spacer when the spacers are fitted together to define a drill stop. Each of the plurality of spacers are of different lengths than at least one of the other spacers.

Abstract: A noncontact, infrared energy measuring transducer senses the water content in snow by measuring the average intensity of infrared radiant energy emitted by the snow at substantially below freezing temperature, and the intensity of thereon superimposed infrared radiant energy emitted by an amount of water droplets being deposited at/or above freeze point temperature on the surface of the snow. The transducer generates an electric output signal being proportional to the average intensity of the snow emitted infrared radiated energy which is utilized in a servomechanism or sevomotor operated water valve to regulate the water flow in snowmaking systems.

Abstract: A continuous stream of compressed air is introduced to a elongated chamber surrounded by a distribution jacket for introducing water at substantially the same pressure via a multitude of inward directed tubular members into the stream of axially moving, decompressing air. The stream of partially decompressed air atomizes the introduced water into tiny droplets which are mixed with the air, and are accelerated through a converging-diverging exit nozzle so as to be projected through a distance, along which the swiftly moving droplets cool from their initial to nucleating temperature, and ultimately freeze into crystalline particles of ice.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for making artificial snow involving the induction of compressed air into an annular disposed chamber and through a multitude of circumferentially and longitudinally spaced, radially inward directed orifices to be mixed with a steady stream of water. The mixture is then forced through a multitude of longitudinal directed orifices, where a substantial pressure drop subsequent to egress from the orifices causes a first stage atomization of the water into tiny, uniformly sized droplets and the concurrent pre-cooling of the droplets. The droplets are ten accelerated through an exit nozzle, where the final expansion of still partially compressed air to atmospheric pressure causes the final atomization, and the projecting of a thereby produced plume of water droplets through an trajectory within the cooler atmosphere along which the droplets are allowed to freeze into tiny, crystalline particles of ice before falling to the ground.

Abstract: Compressed air and water are mixed, and are accelerated to a jet of high velocity within a cylindrical, non obstructive device; the explosive decompression of compressed air to atmospheric pressure within a diverging exit nozzle disintegrates the jet of water into a jet of tiny droplets which freeze in contact with colder atmospheric air to ice crystals of snow.

Abstract: Apparatus for maintaining the correct air/fuel mixture in internal combustion engines. In the preferred embodiment, the density of atmospheric air at concurrent temperature and barometric pressure conditions is sensed by an acoustical transducer whose electric output is electronically correlated with known volumetric flow rate data; thereby obtaining the mass flow rate of engine aspirated air. The acquired air mass flow-rate data, together with other data pertaining to concurrent engine load and condition is utilized to achieve at any throttle position a correct air/fuel ratio. In an alternate embodiment, the mass flow rate of engine aspirated air is obtained by utilizing the basic air density sensing transducer in measuring the suction pressure at the venturi throat within an engine incorporated throttle body device, while simultaneously sensing, and measuring continuously occurring changes in atmospheric conditions.

Abstract: Apparatus for obtaining the mass flow rate of engine aspirated air. An ultrasonic transducer measures the density of atmospheric air, while coincidentally measuring the velocity of air within a venturi of an engine air induction tube. The two individual measurements produce a single electric output signal proportional to the mass flow rate of air.

Abstract: A variable capacitance device generally intended for use in measuring the mass flow of air while passing through an engine-manifold. The device is capable of responding to the impingement of a stream of air on its flexible capacitor plate located within an air conveying duct, in which the impingement tends to bend the flexible capacitor plate over the curved surface of a rigid electrically insulated capacitor plate. The gradual bending of the flexible capacitor plate over the curved surface of the rigid capacitor plate changes the capacitance of the device at rate proportional to the rate of change in the mass-flow of the gas.

Abstract: A transducer device for translating increments of linear displacement by means of opto-electronic sensing into increments of units expressed into units of volts. The device comprises an opto-electronic system, having a pair of co-planar, adjacently disposed radiation sensitive surfaces of square configuration, and a thereto facing, closely spaced surface of rectangular configuration being designed to emit a uniform pattern of radiation over its entire active surface. Wherein, the geometry of the emissive and sensing surfaces during relative movement provide a ratio of produced volt equivalent to the ratio of relative displacement between the emissive and sensing surfaces.

Abstract: A device making use of the gravity generated imbalance within a portion of the system confined upward and downward flowing liquid. A condensed gas of lower boiling point is induced to the portion of the upward flowing heated liquid of higher boiling point. The formation of gas bubbles upon evaporation of the condensed gas within the upward flowing heated liquid, causing fluid displacement thereof, thereby causing a imbalance between the upward flowing liquid and gas mixture, and the downward flowing solid liquid after being separated from the gas. Thus, gravity causing the continuous pumping action of the liquid throughout the system.

Abstract: A device, operating on a closed gas power cycle between an upper and a lower horizontal datum plane, being separated through a distance of enormous height; comprising the steady-flow compression and the cooling of a suitable gas at the upper datum plane, and its reheating, and power-producing expansion through a compressor matched turbine at the lower datum plane; gravitational downward attractive force which is acting on the steady within a conduit downward-flowing mass of compressed gas, produces increased weight, which, in turn, produces a gravity-generated, from the compressor discharge to the turbine inlet, a downwardly increasing gas pressure rise; the gravity-produced gas pressure rise produces in the compressed gas expansion at the lower datum plane a substantially greater amount of power than is consumed in the gas compression at the upper datum plane, thus resulting in a surplus generated power output.

Abstract: A power-producing device, comprising a vertically oriented chamber of enormous height, incorporating within its upper end an electric motor-driven, aftercooled air compressor, being connected via suitable power transmission, to an electric generator driving, reheated air turbine, located within the lower chamber end. Atmospheric air is compressed at a given rate of flow to a given pressure into the upper chamber end, which, due to the gravitational force exerted on its compressed mass, and due to the chamber height, is expanded within the turbine at the lower chamber end at an equal rate of flow, but, at a substantially higher pressure, and at a substantial gain in energy, thus, producing a substantially greater amount of work than is consumed by the compressor.

Abstract: The invention described herein is a Method and Process for the direct absorption of radiant solar-thermal energy by and within a radiant-heat absorbing fluid.More specifically, however, it is a total system for the direct absorption of radiant solar-thermal energy and its conversion, for the purpose of generating useful mechanical or electrical power. Wherein within the scope of the total system, a radiant-heat absorbing fluidic compound is used which comprises minute particles of colloidal size, suspended within a transparent heat-transfer fluid, having a high boiling point and being circulated within a first highly light-transparent and a second highly light-reflecting wall.Wherein that fluidic compound's optical density is such that incoming concentrated, radiant solar-thermal energy, after penetrating said light-transparent wall, will penetrate no more than one and three-quarters depth of said contained, circulating fluidic compound.

Abstract: The invention described herein pertains to a combination hydraulic thermodynamic prime mover, for the conversion of thermal energy from low-temperature heat sources, such as solar heat, geothermal steam of poor quality and waste heat of all kinds, into useful mechanical or electrical power, employing a new and novel technique of low temperature-pressure energy conversion.

Abstract: The invention described herein is a ratchet-type torque release wrench for the precise setting of the residual axial tension (clamping force) to be retained within a threaded fastening system under installation, wherein as the threaded fastening system's bolt attains a predetermined value of axial tension the manually perceptible spontaneous release of only a minor portion of the total torque applied to either the fastening system under installation signals to the installation operator the completion of the fastening system's installation sequence.