Abstract: A pulverizing system for reducing the size of material including a body, a pair of rotating members at least partially disposed within said body, and at least one impeller arm attached to each of said rotating members. The impeller arm attached to one of the rotating member throws material into a substantially head-on collision with material thrown by the impeller arm attached to the other rotating member.

Abstract: The present invention presents an improved pump piston for pressurizing liquid dispensing containers, and more particularly improved air inlet valve designs for such pistons. According to the present invention, the inlet valves are located remotely from the lower end of the pump piston, such that they are protected from contamination by liquid product and resulting degradation of performance. One inlet valve design utilizes a lost motion connection between the pump piston and upper cap, with structural elements of the upper cap and piston cooperating to form an inlet valve that is opened to admit air into the interior of the piston when the cap is pulled upward and tightly sealed when the cap is pushed downward. Another inlet valve design utilizes slits in the wall of the piston itself and the flexibility of the piston material to form an inlet valve that is opened to admit air into the interior of the piston when the cap is pulled upward and tightly sealed when the cap is pushed downward.

Abstract: An elevator/threaded shaft dispensing package for a solid stick-form product. The package has a refill cartridge designed to telescope into a reusable base. The base is tubular and has a threaded shaft axially oriented within it through a central aperture at its bottom where the shaft is connected to a hand wheel. The cartridge holds the product in a tubular body which preferably has a non-circular cross-section. A push plate is disposed in the bottom of the cartridge and the top of the cartridge preferably has a downwardly extending annular collar on its exterior. The package has a telescoping elevator system disposed within it which includes a platform which abuts against the push plate and an internally threaded neck below the platform. The internally threaded neck receives the threaded shaft in threaded telescoping relation.

Abstract: Zirconium silica hydrogels are disclosed including at least about 5 wt. % water bound as a hydrate and including silicon as SiO.sub.2 in amounts of from 60 to 99 wt. % and zirconium as ZrO.sub.2 in amounts of from 1 to 40 wt. %, and where substantially all of the zirconium is bound to the SiO.sub.2 in the hydrogel. Hydrophobic zirconium silica hydrogels are also disclosed in which a hydrophobic component, such as organosiloxanes, organosilanes, primary and secondary higher aliphatic alcohols, and long chain amines, are bound to the surface of the hydrogel, and in which the zirconium is present in amounts sufficient to improve the stability of the hydrogels. Methods of manufacturing these zirconium silica hydrogels are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producing an integral bottle/collar combination for use in a package for storing and dispensing potentially dangerous material such as medicament tablets. The package is resistant to opening by children yet readily openable by adults. The process includes a step of injection molding a polymeric part having a finish portion, a preform portion, and a flange portion. The flange portion has at least one integrally formed socket having a resiliently deformable pushtab connected by a hinge. The preform portion of the injection molded part is blow molded into the shape of the bottle. The hingedly connected pushtab is then folded into its in-use position.

Abstract: A package for storing and dispensing potentially dangerous materials, such as medicament tablets or the like, said package being resistant to opening by children but readily openable by adults, particularly adults having impaired manual dexterity of their hands and/or fingers. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the package comprises a bottle, a collar which is secured in place over the uppermost portion of the bottle and a closure which is secured to the finish portion of the bottle by means of complementary screw threads. The collar preferably includes a pair of spring-like pushtabs containing vertical extensions which engage interlocking teeth on the innermost surface of the closure skirt when the closure is fully assembled onto the bottle. To remove the closure, the opposed pushtabs must be manually depressed prior to applying unscrewing torque to the closure to disengage the pushtab extensions from the interlocking teeth on the closure.

Abstract: Phenol-cyclohexanone azeotrope, for example, resulting from the cleavage product of 1-phenylcyclohexylhydroperoxide resulting from the oxidation of cyclohexylbenzene, from which cyclohexylbenzene may have been separated, is subjected to an extractive distillation with a selective solvent essentially containing a diester of adipic acid, e.g. a dialkyl and/or a dicycloalkyl ester of adipic acid. Specifically disclosed is a separation of a cyclohexanone-phenol mixture employing di(2-ethylhexyladipate). The diesters up to and including diC.sub.14 are referenced.