Abstract: A method for demodulating a voltage which has been ASK modulated by changing the amplitude between a low level and a high level, in particular for use during contactless data transmission from a card reader/writer to a smart card, is described. The method is distinguished, in that, in an initialization phase, a first mean value is produced from the high voltage level and a stored partial voltage derived therefrom in order to detect a change to a low voltage level. The change to the low voltage level represents a start value and is detected by a subsequent comparison of the modulated voltage with the first mean value. In a subsequent demodulation phase, a second mean value is produced from the detected low voltage level and the high voltage level in order to demodulate the modulated voltage by comparing the modulated voltage with the second mean value.

Abstract: A method for demodulating a voltage which has been ASK modulated by changing the amplitude between a low level and a high level, in particular for use during contactless data transmission from a card reader/writer to a smart card, is described. The method is distinguished, in that, in an initialization phase, a first mean value is produced from the high voltage level and a stored partial voltage derived therefrom in order to detect a change to a low voltage level. The change to the low voltage level represents a start value and is detected by a subsequent comparison of the modulated voltage with the first mean value. In a subsequent demodulation phase, a second mean value is produced from the detected low voltage level and the high voltage level in order to demodulate the modulated voltage by comparing the modulated voltage with the second mean value.

Abstract: The power supply device has a temporary energy store, a main energy store, and a switching device. The switching device has three switching states. The temporary energy store is connected in the first switching state to a power supply input and is connected in the second switching state to the main energy store, which is connected to a power supply output. An energy discharge device is connected to the temporary energy store in the third switching state of the switching device which follows directly the second switching state.

Abstract: A data carrier, such as a smart card, has a coil for contactless reception of data and energy and for contactless transmission of data. A logic circuit processes the received, demodulated and decoded data. A first demodulator for demodulating received 100%-ASK-modulated signals and a second demodulator for demodulating received ASK-modulated signals with a modulation depth of less than 100% are provided. The second demodulator is triggered by the first demodulator in such a way that on reception of a 100%-ASK-modulated signal, it is deactivated by the first demodulator.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process and a connecting arrangement for producing a chip card, wherein a semiconductor chip on a module is fitted in an opening in a card carrier with the attainment of an electrical and mechanical connection. In accordance with the invention, in place of connections which were hitherto necessary involving a force-locking relationship and/or involving the materials being bonded together, recourse is made to inductive and/or capacitive coupling between the module and the IC-card. For that purpose the module and the card correspondingly have coils and/or capacitive coupling surfaces for signal transmission purposes.

Abstract: A data transmission circuit having a station and a response circuit. The station has an amplitude demodulator as well as a primary coil with a signal generator for producing an alternating magnetic field at a carrier frequency. The response circuit has a secondary coil as well as an amplitude modulator for influencing a load on the secondary coil, and the amplitude modulator is configured such that the alternating magnetic field can be modulated with a data signal. Particularly when the data transmission circuit is mass-produced, situations frequently occur in which the data signal modulated onto the alternating magnetic field by the response circuit can no longer be reconstructed at the station end. The object of the invention is thus to provide a data transmission circuit of this generic type, which always operates reliably. According to the invention, the response circuit has a phase modulator for influencing the electrical characteristics of the secondary coil.

Abstract: A method for transmitting data between a terminal and a portable data carrier over a wire-free electromagnetic transmission link using a carrier signal which is 100% ASK-modulated in accordance with the data. The carrier signal serving as a clock signal for the portable the data carrier. The significance of an item of data is determined by a position of a shift keying point in the carrier signal within a time slot. The information content of the shift keying point corresponds to a number of N bits, N being greater than or equal to 2. The significance of the N bits is defined by a position of the shift keying point within 2.sup.N possible positions within the time slot. At the start or at the end of a time slot there is a zero time period in which no shift keying point which is assigned to the data to be transmitted occurs, in order to avoid an unacceptably long loss of the carrier signal.

Abstract: A chip card includes a semiconductor chip that contains at least one memory. In order to supply energy to the chip and to provide for bi-directional data transmission from and to the chip, both contacts and a device for contactless data transmission are provided. A triggerable switch device which is provided on the chip connects the memory either to the contacts or to the device for contactless data transmission as a function of a state of an output signal of a logic circuit connected to at least a voltage supply contact. The switch device assumes a position of repose when it is not triggered and in that position it connects the memory to the device for contactless data transmission, while only upon application of a voltage to the supply voltage contact, triggered by the logic circuit, does it connect the contacts to the memory.

Abstract: An encoding device includes an encoding unit and an output register downstream of the encoding unit. During a second time period, encoded output data are formed from input data fed to the encoding unit and are written into the output register. After the second time period elapses, no further data are fed to the output register, but power consumption of the output register must not alter. The encoding unit continues to generate output data until a first time period elapses. The encoding device prevents an external observer from drawing any conclusions from the power consumption of the encoding device as to the actual generating period of the encoded output data in the output register.

Abstract: A data carrier configuration includes a semiconductor chip. A first conductor loop is connected to the semiconductor chip and has at least one winding and a cross-sectional area with approximately the dimensions of the semiconductor chip. At least one second conductor loop has at least one winding, a cross-sectional area with approximately the dimensions of the data carrier configuration and a region forming a third loop with approximately the dimensions of the first conductor loop. The third loop inductively couples the first conductor loop and the at least one second conductor loop to one another. The first and third conductor loops are disposed substantially concentrically.

Abstract: In a system for contactless power and data transmission, a transmitting or receiving station has at least one transmitting or receiving resonant circuit which is driven by an integrable control circuit. The integrated control circuit has a multiplicity of capacitors which can be switched in, in parallel with the resonant circuit. A device is provided for driving the switching device.

Abstract: A device for processing and storing data, in particular a chip card, includes a first interface with contacts and a second contactless interface for receiving energy or power from and for communication with a terminal device. A first controllable switching device connects either the first or the second interface to a non-volatile semiconductor memory through address, data and control lines. A logic circuit drives the first controllable switching device. A second controllable switching device disposed between the first controllable switching device and the memory can be driven at least by the logic circuit and an address signal present on the address lines.

Abstract: An apparatus for contactless data and energy transmission includes a stationary part having at least one coil for data and energy transmission, and an oscillator connected to the at least one coil for energy transmission. A movable part has at least one coil for data and energy transmission, at least one rectifier device connected downstream of the at least one coil, and at least one charge capacitor connected to the at least one rectifier device for carrying a pulsating operating voltage. One pair of the coils is used for energy transmission and one pair of the coils is used for data transmission. The coils of the movable part are arbitrarily associated with the coils of the stationary part. A device is disposed in the movable part for transmitting data from the movable part to the stationary part, by returning a portion of energy received through an applicable one of the coils of the movable part, modulated in accordance with a data signal, through another of the coils of the movable part.

Abstract: An apparatus for contactless data and energy transmission and includes a stationary part having device for transmitting and receiving data and device for generating energy. A movable part has a plurality of rectifier devices each with at least one output and modulators each being connected downstream of a respective one of the rectifier devices. A first pair of coils is connected to the device for transmitting and receiving data and to the rectifier device for transmitting data from the stationary part to the movable part. A second pair of coils is connected to the device for generating energy and to the rectifier device for transmitting energy from the stationary part to the movable part. The coils in the stationary part are arbitrarily associated with the coils in the movable part, and data is transmitted from the movable part to the stationary part by a load variation at the coil of the movable part not being used for energy transmission.

Abstract: An integrated semiconductor circuit for an analog-to-digital converter according to the parallel method, includes a multiplicity of identical comparators and a multiplicity of NOR gates. The comparators are addressable in a staggered manner at reference inputs thereof by a respective reference voltage and at signal inputs thereof jointly by a signal to be evaluated. Each of the comparators are respectively connected by a respective first signal output thereof to a first input of a respective one of the NOR gates forming a weighting stage with the respective comparator. The respective comparator is further connected by the respective first signal output thereof to a second input of another of the NOR gates associated with another of the comparators addressable by a next higher reference voltage.

Abstract: A circuit of a monolithically integrable MOS-comparator has a capacitor, a signal input and a reference input of the comparator being alternatingly connected to the capacitor via respective first and second clock-controlled transfer transistors, a first amplifier stage having a control input and an output, the capacitor being directly connected to the control input and being also connected via a third transfer transistor to the output of the first amplifier stage, a second amplifier stage having a control input and an output, the output of the first amplifier stage being further connected via a fourth transfer transistor to the control input of the second amplifier stage. A third amplifier stage identical with the first and second amplifier stages has a signal input and an output, the output of the second amplifier stage being a first signal output of the comparator and being also connected to the signal input of the third amplifier stage.

Abstract: Device for determining movements with light, including a light transmitter for radiating light pulses with steeply rising and slowly falling flanks, and a light receiver for the light pulses radiated by the light transmitter, the light receiver including an evaluation threshold device for measuring the duration of individual light pulses, for storing the pulses and for comparing the pulses with each other.

Abstract: A process is provided for the extraction of oil from high-oil bearing seed materials. This process employs total immersion of a moist solid in a solvent without production of emulsions or contamination of the miscella with finely-divided solids.

Abstract: A process is provided for the extraction of oil from undried, finely-divided vegetable material. This process employs total immersion of moist solid in a solvent without production of emulsions or contamination of the miscella with finely-divided solids.

Abstract: An improved method for removing oil from oil-bearing vegetable material is disclosed. The method comprises comminuting the vegetable material, forming agglomerates of the finely divided material containing between about 20% and about 55% water by weight, drying the agglomerates to a moisture content of less than about 15% by weight and then extracting the dried agglomerates with an oil solvent.