Abstract: According to one or more of the embodiments herein, systems and techniques for satellite relaying for geolocation and mitigation of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) denial are provided.

Abstract: Satellite relaying for geolocation and mitigation of GNSS denial are provided, where a method comprises: receiving, by a processing device from a communication satellite along a communication path, a message initiated at a transmission time by a transmitting device, the communication path having a target device with an unknown distance to the communication satellite; determining, by the device, a reception time upon receiving the message; determining, by the device, a time of travel of the message associated with only traversal of a portion of the communication that is path between the communication satellite and the target device based on a difference between the transmission time and the reception time; calculating, by the device, a distance between the communication satellite and the target device based on the time of travel; and performing, by the device, one or more actions based on the distance between the communication satellite and the target device.

Abstract: Satellite echoing for geolocation and mitigation of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) denial are provided herein, where an example method comprises: transmitting, by a processing device, an echo message along a communication path having a communication satellite and a target device with an unknown distance to the communication satellite; receiving, by the processing device, a return of the echo message from the communication satellite over the communication path; determining, by the processing device, a time of travel of the echo message associated with only a single traversal of a portion of the communication path that is between the communication satellite and the target device; calculating, by the processing device, a distance between the communication satellite and the target device based on the time of travel; and performing, by the processing device, one or more actions based on the distance between the communication satellite and the target device.

Abstract: Satellite relaying for geolocation and mitigation of GNSS denial are provided, where a method comprises: receiving, by a processing device from a communication satellite along a communication path, a message initiated at a transmission time by a transmitting device, the communication path having a target device with an unknown distance to the communication satellite; determining, by the device, a reception time upon receiving the message; determining, by the device, a time of travel of the message associated with only traversal of a portion of the communication that is path between the communication satellite and the target device based on a difference between the transmission time and the reception time; calculating, by the device, a distance between the communication satellite and the target device based on the time of travel; and performing, by the device, one or more actions based on the distance between the communication satellite and the target device.

Abstract: Satellite relaying for geolocation and mitigation of GNSS denial are provided, where a method comprises: receiving, by a processing device from a communication satellite along a communication path, a message initiated at a transmission time by a transmitting device, the communication path having a target device with an unknown distance to the communication satellite; determining, by the device, a reception time upon receiving the message; determining, by the device, a time of travel of the message associated with only traversal of a portion of the communication that is path between the communication satellite and the target device based on a difference between the transmission time and the reception time; calculating, by the device, a distance between the communication satellite and the target device based on the time of travel; and performing, by the device, one or more actions based on the distance between the communication satellite and the target device.

Abstract: A sample mount having a bottom surface, a front surface, and a second portion is disclosed. The first portion is perpendicular to the bottom surface. The second portion has an external surface and an internal surface and extends from the first portion to form a 70-degree angle relative to the bottom surface. The sample mount may also have a top surface, an opening extending through the second portion of the front surface, and a receiving area configured to receive a sample, wherein the top surface presents an unimpeded path between the sample and an SEM pole piece. The sample mount may include a spring-loaded handle configured to push the sample against the internal surface of the second portion of the front surface, wherein pushing the sample against the internal surface places the sample at the 70-degree angle relative to the bottom surface.

Abstract: According to one or more of the embodiments herein, systems and techniques for multi-system-based detection and mitigation of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) spoofing are provided. In one embodiment, a method comprises: obtaining a first location of an object from a primary location determination hardware system; obtaining a second location of the object from a secondary location determination hardware system; determining a distance difference between the first location and the second location; determining whether the distance difference between the first location and the second location is acceptable based on a threshold distance; and initiating one or more mitigation actions in response to the distance difference between the first location and the second location being unacceptable.

Abstract: Satellite relaying for geolocation and mitigation of GNSS denial are provided, where a method comprises: receiving, by a processing device from a communication satellite along a communication path, a message initiated at a transmission time by a transmitting device, the communication path having a target device with an unknown distance to the communication satellite; determining, by the device, a reception time upon receiving the message; determining, by the device, a time of travel of the message associated with only traversal of a portion of the communication that is path between the communication satellite and the target device based on a difference between the transmission time and the reception time; calculating, by the device, a distance between the communication satellite and the target device based on the time of travel; and performing, by the device, one or more actions based on the distance between the communication satellite and the target device.

Abstract: Satellite echoing for geolocation and mitigation of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) denial are provided herein, where an example method comprises: transmitting, by a processing device, an echo message along a communication path having a communication satellite and a target device with an unknown distance to the communication satellite; receiving, by the processing device, a return of the echo message from the communication satellite over the communication path; determining, by the processing device, a time of travel of the echo message associated with only a single traversal of a portion of the communication path that is between the communication satellite and the target device; calculating, by the processing device, a distance between the communication satellite and the target device based on the time of travel; and performing, by the processing device, one or more actions based on the distance between the communication satellite and the target device.

Abstract: According to one or more of the embodiments herein, systems and techniques for satellite relaying for geolocation and mitigation of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) denial are provided.

Abstract: Satellite echoing for geolocation and mitigation of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) denial are provided herein, where an example method comprises: transmitting an initiated message to a communication satellite along a communication path that has a target device with an unknown distance to the communication satellite; receiving a returned message from the communication satellite over the communication path in response to the initiated message; determining a local time difference between the transmission time and the reception time; calculating a distance between the communication satellite and the target device, the distance calculated based on a portion of the determined time difference associated with only a single traversal of a portion of the communication path that is between the communication satellite and the target device; and performing one or more actions based on the distance between the communication satellite and the target device.

Abstract: According to one or more of the embodiments herein, systems and techniques for satellite relaying for geolocation and mitigation of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) denial are provided.

Abstract: According to one or more embodiments herein, interferometry-based satellite location accuracy is provided.

Abstract: According to one or more of the embodiments herein, systems and techniques are provided for concealed spread symbol communication. In particular, a system in accordance with the techniques herein relates to concealing communication (a reduced risk of being detected), particularly messages over satellites communication channels. The techniques herein provide additional message concealment by using a randomly variable sequence of spreading chips. The techniques also ensure that the randomized chip sequences used by the user equipment and by the ground station are synchronized.

Abstract: Systems and techniques herein provide for determining the transmission power for a mobile device. In particular, techniques herein automatically set the transmission power of a radio so as to minimize the detectability of the transmitter (that is, by minimizing the radio signature of the communication), and consequently to also minimize the necessary transmission power. In addition, the reduction in transmission power prolongs the life of the battery, or similarly, facilitates using smaller and lighter batteries. In one embodiment, satellite communication in the presence of an adversary comprises evaluating multiple communication satellites in order to select the specific satellite that provides a communication path with minimal exposure of the communications to the adversary. The transmission power of the mobile device may then be set to ensure proper communication to the specific satellite while minimizing the power received by the adversary (or a potential adversary).

Abstract: According to one or more embodiments herein, interferometry-based satellite location accuracy is provided.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method comprises: receiving a signal from a remote antenna at first and second antennas, the first and second antenna being collocated and offset from one another by a fixed predetermined angle such that a center of a high gain region of a main lobe of the first antenna is substantially aligned with a low gain region of a main lobe of the second antenna; determining a set of characteristics of the signal based on the signal being received at the first antenna; decoding a first data set based on the signal being received at the first antenna and a second data set based on the signal being received at the second antenna, both using the set of signal characteristics; and determining a currently aimed direction of the first antenna with relation to the remote antenna based on the difference between the first and second data sets.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to satellite communication systems, and, more particularly, to trilateration-based satellite location accuracy for improved satellite-based geolocation are provided.

Abstract: According to one or more of the embodiments herein, systems and techniques are provided for accurately determining a round trip time (RTT) to a satellite. In particular, a method according to one embodiment herein may comprise: receiving, at a device, a reference signal with a stable phase; measuring, by the device, a phase delta over time between the reference signal and an internal signal of an internal oscillator of the device; transmitting, by the device at a transmission time, a ranging signal toward a particular satellite; receiving, by the device at a reception time, a return of the ranging signal from the particular satellite; and determining, by the device, a round trip time (RTT) of the ranging signal that accounts for a phase drift of the internal oscillator between the transmission time and the reception time according to the measured phase delta over time.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method comprises: receiving a signal from a remote antenna at first and second antennas, the first and second antenna being collocated and offset from one another by a fixed predetermined angle such that a center of a high gain region of a main lobe of the first antenna is substantially aligned with a low gain region of a main lobe of the second antenna; determining a set of characteristics of the signal based on the signal being received at the first antenna; decoding a first data set based on the signal being received at the first antenna and a second data set based on the signal being received at the second antenna, both using the set of signal characteristics; and determining a currently aimed direction of the first antenna with relation to the remote antenna based on the difference between the first and second data sets.