Abstract: The present invention is directed to porous composite materials comprised of a porous base material and a powdered nanoparticle material. The porous base material has the powdered nanoparticle material penetrating a portion of the porous base material; the powdered nanoparticle material within the porous base material may be sintered or interbonded by interfusion to form a porous sintered nanoparticle material within the pores and or on the surfaces of the porous base material. Preferably this porous composite material comprises nanometer sized pores throughout the sintered nanoparticle material. The present invention is also directed to methods of making such composite materials and using them for high surface area catalysts, sensors, in packed bed contaminant removal devices, and as contamination removal membranes for fluids.

Abstract: The container carrier serves to hold containers for fluid samples. For the transport of the sample containers, the container carrier, which is directly but detachably connected with a cover part during the dispensation of fluid samples into the sample containers, is separated from the cover part, with the sample containers remaining in the container carrier in transport. A transport cap is provided for closing the container carrier in transport, particularly in a fluid-tight manner.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to porous composite materials comprised of a porous base material and a powdered nanoparticle material. The porous base material has the powdered nanoparticle material penetrating a portion of the porous base material; the powdered nanoparticle material within the porous base material may be sintered or interbonded by interfusion to form a porous sintered nanoparticle material within the pores and or on the surfaces of the porous base material. Preferably this porous composite material comprises nanometer sized pores throughout the sintered nanoparticle material. The present invention is also directed to methods of making such composite materials and using them for high surface area catalysts, sensors, in packed bed contaminant removal devices, and as contamination removal membranes for fluids.

Abstract: A lithographic projection apparatus (1) includes a support configured to support a patterning device (MA), the patterning device configured to pattern the projection beam according to a desired pattern. The apparatus has a substrate (W) table configure to hold a substrate, a projection system configured to project the patterned beam onto a target portion of the substrate. The apparatus also has a purge gas supply system (100) configured to provide a purge gas near a surface of a component of the lithographic projection apparatus. The purge gas supply system (100) includes a purge gas mixture generator (120) configured to generate a purge gas mixture which includes at least one purging gas and moisture. The purge gas mixture generator has a moisturizer (150) configured to add the moisture to the purge gas and a purge gas mixture outlet (130) connected to the purge gas mixture generator (120) configured to supply the purge gas mixture near the surface.

Abstract: A lithographic projection apparatus includes a support configured to support a patterning device, the patterning device configured to pattern a projection beam according to a desired pattern. The apparatus has a substrate table configured to hold a substrate, a projection system configured to project the patterned beam onto a target portion of the substrate. The apparatus also has a purge pas supply system configured to provide a purge gas near a surface of a component of the lithographic projection apparatus. The purge gas supply system includes a purge gas mixture generator configured to generate a purge gas mixture which includes at least one purging gas and moisture. The purge gas mixture generator has a moisturizer configured to add the moisture to the purge gas and a purge gas mixture outlet connected to the purge gas mixture generator configured to supply the purge gas mixture near the surface.

Abstract: The sampler comprises a vessel assembly for taking, conducting, and storing a fluid sample to be stored at a predeterminable storage temperature as well as a cooling assembly, thermally coupled to the vessel assembly, for cooling the fluid sample. The cooling assembly has a first cooling volume, which encompasses the vessel assembly, and a second cooling volume, which jackets the vessel assembly. To cool the fluid sample, the internal temperature of the vessel assembly is lowered by means of the cooling assembly prior to and/or during the dispensing of the fluid sample, and the fluid is subsequently conducted or held in the vessel assembly.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to porous composite materials comprised of a porous base material and a powdered nanoparticle material. The porous base material has the powdered nanoparticle material penetrating a portion of the porous base material; the powdered nanoparticle material within the porous base material may be sintered or interbonded by interfusion to form a porous sintered nanoparticle material within the pores and or on the surfaces of the porous base material. Preferably this porous composite material comprises nanometer sized pores throughout the sintered nanoparticle material. The present invention is also directed to methods of making such composite materials and using them for high surface area catalysts, sensors, in packed bed contaminant removal devices, and as contamination removal membranes for fluids.

Abstract: A sampler for taking a defined amount of sample of a fluid medium from a sample-taking site, with a tubular line, which can be brought into contact with the fluid medium at the sample-taking site, for conducting the fluid medium into at least one sample storing receptacle, with a pump. The pump moves the medium via the tubular line into the sample storing receptacle A sequence control activates the pump, such that it dispenses the defined amount of sample into the sample storing receptacle. The pump is a rotary piston pump.

Abstract: The sampler comprises a vessel assembly for taking, conducting, and storing a fluid sample to be stored at a predeterminable storage temperature as well as a cooling assembly, thermally coupled to the vessel assembly, for cooling the fluid sample. The cooling assembly has a first cooling volume, which encompasses the vessel assembly, and a second cooling volume, which jackets the vessel assembly. To cool the fluid sample, the internal temperature of the vessel assembly is lowered by means of the cooling assembly prior to and/or during the dispensing of the fluid sample, and the fluid is subsequently conducted or held in the vessel assembly.

Abstract: The apparatus comprises a displacement pump with at least one flow vessel, with a pump drive, and with a support means for holding the flow vessel. Furthermore, the apparatus comprises a measuring arrangement responsive to the displacement motions performed by the flow vessel, wherein said displacement motions are picked up by a pressure sensor diposed at the flow vessel or by a strain sensor disposed at the support means. The measuring arrangement serves to sense an actual displacement motion of the flow vessel robustly and reliably, and to deliver a measurement signal representative of this motion. The signal is particularly suited for generating a flow rate estimate representative of the instantaneous volume flow rate and/or for generating a status signal signaling a current operational status. Further, a method is disclosed which supplies information serving to monitor such an apparatus. The apparatus is suitable for using in a sampler.

Abstract: The sampler comprises a vessel assembly for taking, conducting, and storing a fluid sample to be stored at a predeterminable storage temperature as well as a cooling assembly, thermally coupled to the vessel assembly, for cooling the fluid sample. The cooling assembly has a first cooling volume, which encompasses the vessel assembly, and a second cooling volume, which jackets the vessel assembly. To cool the fluid sample, the internal temperature of the vessel assembly is lowered by means of the cooling assembly prior to and/or during the dispensing of the fluid sample, and the fluid is subsequently conducted or held in the vessel assembly.

Abstract: The apparatus comprises a displacement pump with at least one flow vessel, with a pump drive, and with a support means for holding the flow vessel. Furthermore, the apparatus comprises a measuring arrangement responsive to the displacement motions performed by the flow vessel, wherein said displacement motions are picked up by a pressure sensor diposed at the flow vessel or by a strain sensor disposed at the support means. The measuring arrangement serves to sense an actual displacement motion of the flow vessel robustly and reliably, and to deliver a measurement signal representative of this motion. The signal is particularly suited for generating a flow rate estimate representative of the instantaneous volume flow rate and/or for generating a status signal signaling a current operational status. Further, a method is disclosed which supplies information serving to monitor such an apparatus. The apparatus is suitable for using in a sampler.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to porous composite materials comprised of a porous base material and a powdered nanoparticle material. The porous base material has the powdered nanoparticle material penetrating a portion of the porous base material; the powdered nanoparticle material within the porous base material may be sintered or interbonded by interfusion to form a porous sintered nanoparticle material within the pores and or on the surfaces of the porous base material. Preferably this porous composite material comprises nanometer sized pores throughout the sintered nanoparticle material. The present invention is also directed to methods of making such composite materials and using them for high surface area catalysts, sensors, in packed bed contaminant removal devices, and as contamination removal membranes for fluids.

Abstract: The container carrier (1) serves to hold containers (11) for fluid samples. For the transport of the sample containers (11), the container carrier (1), which is directly but detachably connected with a cover part (2) during the dispensation of fluid samples into the sample containers (11), is separated from the cover part (2), with the sample containers (11) remaining in the container carrier (1) in transport. A transport cap (8) is provided for closing the container carrier (1) in transport, particularly in a fluid-tight manner.

Abstract: The apparatus comprises a displacement pump with at least one flow vessel, with a pump drive, and with a support means for holding the flow vessel. Furthermore, the apparatus comprises a measuring arrangement responsive to the displacement motions performed by the flow vessel, wherein said displacement motions are picked up by a pressure sensor diposed at the flow vessel or by a strain sensor disposed at the support means. The measuring arrangement serves to sense an actual displacement motion of the flow vessel robustly and reliably, and to deliver a measurement signal representative of this motion. The signal is particularly suited for generating a flow rate estimate representative of the instantaneous volume flow rate and/or for generating a status signal signaling a current operational status. Further, a method is disclosed which supplies information serving to monitor such an apparatus. The apparatus is suitable for using in a sampler.

Abstract: The sampler comprises a vessel assembly for taking, conducting, and storing a fluid sample to be stored at a predeterminable storage temperature as well as a cooling assembly, thermally coupled to the vessel assembly, for cooling the fluid sample. The cooling assembly has a first cooling volume, which encompasses the vessel assembly, and a second cooling volume, which jackets the vessel assembly. To cool the fluid sample, the internal temperature of the vessel assembly is lowered by means of the cooling assembly prior to and/or during the dispensing of the fluid sample, and the fluid is subsequently conducted or held in the vessel assembly.

Abstract: Novel cyanocycloalkylacetic acids and esters as well as salts thereof and in particular 1-cyanocyclohexaneacetic acid and ethyl 1-cyanocyclohexaneacetate are described which are useful as intermediates in a process for the preparation of cyclic amino acids.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for infinitely variably setting the U.sup.235 tails concentration in the operation of centrifuge cascades for the separation of the uranium isotopes in a gaseous uranium isotope mixture, comprising introducing a cascade feed comprising a mixture of gaseous uranium isotopes containing U.sup.235 into a feed header of an intermediate stage, equalizing the pressure in the feed header of each stage to the pressure of the cascade feed, and maintaining a predetermined U.sup.235 product concentration by manipulating a choke valve on product or tails streams from each stage, or a choke valve on the cascade feed stream to vary the ratio between the cascade feed and the cascade product stream to adjust the U.sup.235 concentration and the tails.

Abstract: High strength ductile sintered iron alloy composition containing silicon and phosphorus with a total alloy content below 4% having a yield point above 400 N/mm.sup.2 and an impact strength of more than 40 J/cm.sup.2. The alloys contain between about 0.5 and 3% by weight silicon, and between about 0.2 and 0.7% phosphorus, with the balance being iron. These alloy compositions are made by sintering iron, iron-silicon and iron-phosphorus powders at temperatures between about 1050.degree. and 1200.degree. C.

Abstract: To provide an alloy having high strength, toughness, and which is highly resistant to impact loading, the alloy has the following composition (all percentages by weight): 2-4.5 Mo, more than 2.5 to less than 3.5% Ni, more than 0.3 to less than 0.6% P, the rest iron; preferably, 3% Mo, 3% Ni, 0.45% P and the rest iron are used.