Abstract: A method and system for calculating the free energy difference between a target state and a reference state. The method includes determining one or more intermediate states using a coupling parameter, performing molecular simulations to obtain ensembles of micro-states for each of the system states, and calculating the free energy difference by an analysis of the ensembles of micro-states of the system states. The method can be particularly suited for calculating physical or non-physical transformation of molecular systems such as ring-opening, ring-closing, and other transformations involving bond breaking and/or formation. A soft bond potential dependent on a bond stretching component of the coupling parameter and different from the conventional harmonic potential is used in the molecular simulations of the system states for the bond being broken or formed during the transformation.

Abstract: A pressware extractor assembly includes an elongated transport rail, a first car, a second car, and a powered drive mechanism. The first car includes a first car frame and a plurality of extractor elements operable to releasably hold respective products. The second car is slidably supported by the transport rail to slide laterally relative to the transport rail along the lateral rail axis, with the first car being supported to slide laterally with the second car. The powered drive mechanism shiftably supports the first car relative to the second car for vertical movement of the extractor elements relative to the mold assembly. The powered drive mechanism is configured to shift the first car between a lowered position, and a raised position, in which the products are lifted by the extractor elements.

Abstract: An apparatus for unwinding a roll of material includes an unwinding roller, an idle roller, and a motor. The unwinding roller is for supporting the roll of material. The idle roller is spaced apart from the unwinding roller so that the roll of material can be supported on the idle roller and the unwinding roller. The motor is in mechanical communication with the unwinding roller and is configured to axially rotate the unwinding roller.

Abstract: A method and system for calculating the free energy difference between a target state and a reference state. The method includes determining one or more intermediate states using a coupling parameter, performing molecular simulations to obtain ensembles of micro-states for each of the system states, and calculating the free energy difference by an analysis of the ensembles of micro-states of the system states. The method can be particularly suited for calculating physical or non-physical transformation of molecular systems such as ring-opening, ring-closing, and other transformations involving bond breaking and/or formation. A soft bond potential dependent on a bond stretching component of the coupling parameter and different from the conventional harmonic potential is used in the molecular simulations of the system states for the bond being broken or formed during the transformation.

Abstract: A pressware extractor assembly includes an elongated transport rail, a first car, a second car, and a powered drive mechanism. The first car includes a first car frame and a plurality of extractor elements operable to releasably hold respective products. The second car is slidably supported by the transport rail to slide laterally relative to the transport rail along the lateral rail axis, with the first car being supported to slide laterally with the second car. The powered drive mechanism shiftably supports the first car relative to the second car for vertical movement of the extractor elements relative to the mold assembly. The powered drive mechanism is configured to shift the first car between a lowered position, and a raised position, in which the products are lifted by the extractor elements.

Abstract: An offline paperboard moisturizing system broadly comprising a supply roll carrier configured to dispense paperboard material, a water spreader configured to deliver water evenly to the paperboard material, a water supply configured to meter the water to the water spreader, a rewind roll carrier configured to take up the paperboard material, and a control system comprising a controller. The controller is configured to instruct the supply roll carrier to advance the paperboard material according to a feed rate and instruct the water supply to meter the water to the paperboard material via the water spreader according to a desired moisture level so that the paperboard material has a desired moisture content as the rewind roll carrier takes up the paperboard material.

Abstract: An apparatus for unwinding a roll of material includes an unwinding roller, an idle roller, and a motor. The unwinding roller is for supporting the roll of material. The idle roller is spaced apart from the unwinding roller so that the roll of material can be supported on the idle roller and the unwinding roller. The motor is in mechanical communication with the unwinding roller and is configured to axially rotate the unwinding roller.

Abstract: An in-line paperboard moisturizing and pressware forming system broadly comprising a paperboard moisturizing system and a pressware forming system in-line with the paperboard moisturizing system. The paperboard moisturizing system broadly comprises a supply roll carrier, a payout roller, a water spreader, and a control system. The supply roll carrier dispenses paperboard material. The payout roller meters the paperboard material from the supply roll carrier. The water spreader evenly moisturizes the paperboard material. The control system controls a feed rate and moisture level so that the paperboard material has a desired moisture content as the paperboard moisturizing system delivers the moisturized paperboard material to the pressware forming system.

Abstract: A coating system for coating a web of paper includes spaced apart support rollers, a guide roller, a tension roller, a motor, a dispenser, and a control system. The support rollers support respective spools of paper. The guide roller is configured for guiding the paper along a path between the spools of paper. The tension roller is positioned along the path and is configured to engage the paper. The motor is operable to rotate the support rollers and/or the tension roller. The dispenser is fixed proximal to the path and is operable to guide liquid coating onto the paper located on the path. The control system is in communication with the motor and is configured to direct the motor to cause the paper to shift in either direction along the path between the spools.

Abstract: A coating and pressware forming system comprising a coating system and a pressware forming system in-line with the coating system. The coating system includes a supply roll carrier and rollers configured for guiding and unwinding the paperboard material from a spool such that the paper traverses a path to the pressware forming system. The coating system also includes a waterfall dispenser fixed above the path the paper traverses for evenly applying liquid coating to the paperboard material. The waterfall dispenser includes a pressure chamber fluidly coupled with the source of liquid coating and having a gap through which the liquid coating is forced to flow evenly across a width of the paperboard material. The coating system may also include air nozzles for drying the coating on the paperboard material. Following this drying, the coating system may guide the coated paperboard material directly to the pressware forming system.

Abstract: A system for forming a pressware product comprises rollers, a scoring tool, a scoring station actuator, a forming tool, and a forming station actuator. The rollers pull the web along a path having an angle. The scoring tool receives the material from the rollers and includes a vertically shiftable scoring punch with an edge that extends about an outline of the pressware product and a striker plate. The scoring station actuator shifts the scoring tool to form a slot in the web. The forming tool receives the scored web and includes a vertically shiftable positive mold assembly and negative mold assembly. The forming station actuator shifts the positive mold assembly to press against the web and form the pressware product.

Abstract: A pressware extractor assembly includes an elongated transport rail, a first car, a second car, and a powered drive mechanism. The first car includes a first car frame and a plurality of extractor elements operable to releasably hold respective products. The second car is slidably supported by the transport rail to slide laterally relative to the transport rail along the lateral rail axis, with the first car being supported to slide laterally with the second car. The powered drive mechanism shiftably supports the first car relative to the second car for vertical movement of the extractor elements relative to the mold assembly. The powered drive mechanism is configured to shift the first car between a lowered position, and a raised position, in which the products are lifted by the extractor elements.

Abstract: An apparatus for unwinding a roll of material includes an unwinding roller, an idle roller, and a motor. The unwinding roller is for supporting the roll of material. The idle roller is spaced apart from the unwinding roller so that the roll of material can be supported on the idle roller and the unwinding roller. The motor is in mechanical communication with the unwinding roller and is configured to axially rotate the unwinding roller.

Abstract: An apparatus for unwinding a roll of material includes an unwinding roller, an idle roller, and a motor. The unwinding roller is for supporting the roll of material. The idle roller is spaced apart from the unwinding roller so that the roll of material can be supported on the idle roller and the unwinding roller. The motor is in mechanical communication with the unwinding roller and is configured to axially rotate the unwinding roller.

Abstract: A pressware extractor assembly includes an elongated transport rail, a first car, a second car, and a powered drive mechanism. The first car includes a first car frame and a plurality of extractor elements operable to releasably hold respective products. The second car is slidably supported by the transport rail to slide laterally relative to the transport rail along the lateral rail axis, with the first car being supported to slide laterally with the second car. The powered drive mechanism shiftably supports the first car relative to the second car for vertical movement of the extractor elements relative to the mold assembly. The powered drive mechanism is configured to shift the first car between a lowered position, and a raised position, in which the products are lifted by the extractor elements.

Abstract: A system for forming a pressware product comprises rollers, a scoring tool, a scoring station actuator, a forming tool, and a forming station actuator. The rollers pull the web along a path having an angle. The scoring tool receives the material from the rollers and includes a vertically shiftable scoring punch with an edge that extends about an outline of the pressware product and a striker plate. The scoring station actuator shifts the scoring tool to form a slot in the web. The forming tool receives the scored web and includes a vertically shiftable positive mold assembly and negative mold assembly. The forming station actuator shifts the positive mold assembly to press against the web and form the pressware product.

Abstract: A system for forming a pressware product comprises rollers, a scoring tool, a scoring station actuator, a forming tool, and a forming station actuator. The rollers pull the web along a path having an angle. The scoring tool receives the material from the rollers and includes a vertically shiftable scoring punch with an edge that extends about an outline of the pressware product and a striker plate. The scoring station actuator shifts the scoring tool to form a slot in the web. The forming tool receives the scored web and includes a vertically shiftable positive mold assembly and negative mold assembly. The forming station actuator shifts the positive mold assembly to press against the web and form the pressware product.

Abstract: A system for forming a pressware product comprises rollers, a scoring tool, a scoring station actuator, a forming tool, and a forming station actuator. The rollers pull the web along a path having an angle. The scoring tool receives the material from the rollers and includes a vertically shiftable scoring punch with an edge that extends about an outline of the pressware product and a striker plate. The scoring station actuator shifts the scoring tool to form a slot in the web. The forming tool receives the scored web and includes a vertically shiftable positive mold assembly and negative mold assembly. The forming station actuator shifts the positive mold assembly to press against the web and form the pressware product.

Abstract: A system for forming a pressware product comprises rollers, a scoring tool, a scoring station actuator, a forming tool, and a forming station actuator. The rollers pull the web along a path having an angle. The scoring tool receives the material from the rollers and includes a vertically shiftable scoring punch with an edge that extends about an outline of the pressware product and a striker plate. The scoring station actuator shifts the scoring tool to form a slot in the web. The forming tool receives the scored web and includes a vertically shiftable positive mold assembly and negative mold assembly. The forming station actuator shifts the positive mold assembly to press against the web and form the pressware product.

Abstract: A method and system for calculating the free energy difference between a target state and a reference state. The method includes determining one or more intermediate states using a coupling parameter, performing molecular simulations to obtain ensembles of micro-states for each of the system states, and calculating the free energy difference by an analysis of the ensembles of micro-states of the system states. The method can be particularly suited for calculating physical or non-physical transformation of molecular systems such as ring-opening, ring-closing, and other transformations involving bond breaking and/or formation. A soft bond potential dependent on a bond stretching component of the coupling parameter and different from the conventional harmonic potential is used in the molecular simulations of the system states for the bond being broken or formed during the transformation.