Abstract: A reel drive apparatus is provided for driving the reels of a coaxial-reel tape cassette in fast forward or reverse. In one embodiment, as the cassette is placed on a tape recorder, a friction wheel mounted for rotation on a flexible shaft extending from the recorder locates in a space defined between a pair of concentric flanges mounted for rotation with respect to the reels. The friction wheel is disposed to alternately engage the concentric flanges and reversibly drive the reels. By securing each flange to a corresponding one of the coaxial reels, the tape is positively transported in either direction.

Abstract: Apparatus and a method for generating timing signals to be utilized in latched type memories only when the address signals are valid. A CAS signal is generated in response to an RAS signal via a device which tracks the worst case delay of memory address signals and does not permit the application of the CAS signal to memory until the worst case delay of the memory address signals has been accounted for.A memory array is comprised of any combination of latched or non-latched tri-state memories. The latched memories are coupled to a data bus utilizing conventional TTL circuits in combination with a power driver to simulate conventional tri-state buffer circuits. When the power driver/drivers remove(s) power from TTL circuits, the tri-state characteristics are simulated; whereas when the power driver applies power to the TTL circuits, they operate in their normal mode and present a normal impedance between the data bus and data-out lines of the memory array.

Abstract: A display carton comprises a one-piece blank cut and scored to form vertically disposed front, back and side panels and horizontally disposed top and bottom panels. A vertically disposed separate partition is further disposed intermediate the side panels and is attached to the front, back and bottom panels by lock tabs engaging accommodating slots formed through the panels. A continuous tear line is formed in the front, back, side, and top panels to divide the carton into a removable upper section and a lower section adapted to retain a plurality of upstanding packages therein for display purposes.

Abstract: A bag-type liner is applied interiorly of a container, such as a corrugated carton or box, by inserting an open end of the liner over an open end of the container and thereafter creating a vacuum within the container and liner to simultaneously draw the liner within the container. In a first apparatus embodiment of this invention, the vacuum is created by moving a partially opened bottom of the container over a vacuum opening formed in the platen. In a second apparatus embodiment of this invention, a pair of vacuum plenums are movably mounted adjacent to sides and upper portions of the container to draw the vacuum over and between upper closure flaps connected to the container.

Abstract: Plural bootstrap capacitors are coupled to an output stage of a MOSFET driver. A conventional bootstrap driver is preceded by one or more additional bootstrap stages. Each one includes a capacitor, a tri state inverter and a delay section. When the output stage is off all capacitors are discharged. To turn the output stage on, all capacitors, including the output gate capacitance, are charged in parallel. Then each capacitor in turn is caused to pump its charge into the gate of the output stage, with the last capacitor pumping the output stage gate voltage to a level well in excess of the applied power supply voltage.

Abstract: Apparatus and a method for coupling and uncoupling data-read lines of a memory array to a data bus. The data read-out lines of a memory array which is comprised of any combination of latched or non-latched tri-state memories are coupled to the data bus utilizing a conventional TTL circuit in combination with a power driver to simulate a tri-state buffer circuit. When the power driver removes power from the TTL circuit, a tri-state circuit is simulated; whereas when the power driver applies power to the TTL circuit, it operates in its normal mode and a normal impedance is presented between the data bus and the data-out lines of the memory array.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for generating substrate bias for the refresh apparatus of volatile memory elements associated with data processing units. A refresh oscillator in the refresh apparatus is utilized to drive a chopper circuit or high level driver in combination with a rectifier network for obtaining raw negative voltage. The raw voltage is filtered and adjusted to the correct value on the metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) memory board and distributed to each random access memory (RAM).

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed which comprises an improved voltage driver circuit. Commonly available voltage driver circuits are deficient for driving n-channel MOS RAMs due to insufficient peak voltage and extended rise time. The apparatus, without requiring an additional voltage power supply or modifications to the memory system environment, effectively increases an internal drive voltage which results in the desired performance characteristics for driver circuits.