Abstract: Methods for adjusting the pH of a cell culture medium, methods for culturing cells in a pH-adjusted cell culture medium, and methods for making a polypeptide expressed by cells cultured in a pH-adjusted cell culture medium are described. Also described are systems for determining how much acid or base should be added to a cell culture medium to obtain a desired pH. The methods include a charge balance model that includes parameters for a functional relationship between a concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide in the cell culture medium, a mole fraction of gaseous carbon dioxide applied to the cell culture medium, a concentration of net medium acids in the cell culture medium, and the desired medium pH.

Abstract: The invention relates to the fields of industrial microbiology and alcohol production including production of yeast products with features suitable for transport, storage, and utilization in fermentation.

Abstract: The invention relates to the fields of industrial microbiology and alcohol production including production of yeast products with features suitable for transport, storage, and utilization in fermentation

Abstract: An apparatus and methods for using biological material to discriminate an agent. In one embodiment of the present invention, the method includes the steps of providing at least one cell, exposing at least one cell to an agent, measuring the response of the cell to the agent in terms of a physical quantity related to at least one of the cellular physiological activities of the cell, and identifying the agent from the measured response. The method further includes the step of quantifying the agent from the measured response.

Abstract: An apparatus and methods for detecting at least one analyte of interest either produced or consumed by a plurality of cell. In one embodiment of the present invention, the method includes the steps of providing a housing defining a chamber, placing a plurality of cells in the chamber, and simultaneously detecting at least two analytes of interest either produced or consumed by the plurality of cells in the chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus and methods for monitoring the status of a cell that consumes oxygen. In one embodiment of the present invention, the method includes the steps of confining the cell in a sensing volume, measuring dynamically intracellular or extracellular signaling of the cell, and determining the status of the cell from the measured intracellular or extracellular signaling of the cell.

Abstract: An apparatus and methods for monitoring the status of a cell that consumes oxygen. In one embodiment of the present invention, the method includes the steps of confining the cell in a sensing volume, measuring dynamically intracellular or extracellular signaling of the cell, and determining the status of the cell from the measured intracellular or extracellular signaling of the cell.

Abstract: A system and methods for calculating at least one unknown metabolic flux of a plurality of cells. In one embodiment, the method includes the steps of constructing a metabolic network having a plurality of reaction components, the reaction components representing at least glycolysis, reduction of pyruvate to lactate, TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, measuring at least two metabolic rates of a plurality of cells corresponding to at least two of the metabolic network reactions, and calculating metabolic fluxes of a plurality of cells for the rest of the metabolic network reactions from at least two measured metabolic rates of a plurality of cells corresponding to at least two of the reactions.