Abstract: One example includes a FOG assembly including a spool that includes a flattened portion corresponding to a flange comprising an axial center corresponding to a sensitive axis about which an associated FOG system is configured to measure rotation. The FOG assembly also includes a magnetic shield arranged as a capped concentric cover about the sensitive axis and coupled to the spool and the flange to create a toroidal cavity between the magnetic shield and the flange. A fiber coil is disposed within the toroidal cavity and coupled to the flange. The fiber coil includes an optical fiber which is counter-wound in first and second orientations. The fiber coil has an axial dimension along the sensitive axis that is less than or equal to approximately 160% of a radial width corresponding to a difference between an outer radius and an inner radius of the fiber coil.

Abstract: One example includes a FOG assembly including a spool that includes a flattened portion corresponding to a flange comprising an axial center corresponding to a sensitive axis about which an associated FOG system is configured to measure rotation. The FOG assembly also includes a magnetic shield arranged as a capped concentric cover about the sensitive axis and coupled to the spool and the flange to create a toroidal cavity between the magnetic shield and the flange. A fiber coil is disposed within the toroidal cavity and coupled to the flange. The fiber coil includes an optical fiber which is counter-wound in first and second orientations. The fiber coil has an axial dimension along the sensitive axis that is less than or equal to approximately 160% of a radial width corresponding to a difference between an outer radius and an inner radius of the fiber coil.

Abstract: At least one reinforcement tube for stabilizing a housing within an automobile transmission casing. The reinforcement tube includes a first portion having a first diameter and having a first interior recess, a second portion having a second diameter that is larger than the first diameter, and a second interior recess, the first and second portions separated by a shoulder, a first seal disposed within the first interior recess of the first portion and situated proximate the shoulder separating the first and second portions, and a second seal separate from the first seal and situated proximate a distal end of the second portion.

Abstract: In some implementations, a built-in self-test (BIST) circuitry of a memory device is configured to perform an execution of a test sequence to test the memory device, wherein performing the execution comprises generating addresses of the memory device in accordance with the test sequence and advancing a value of a modulo counter as each of the addresses is generated, enable error logging when a generated address and a value of the modulo counter corresponding to the generated address match an address and a value of the modulo counter stored for a previously detected error, detect an error in data read from the memory device after enabling error logging, and store information associated with the detected error.

Abstract: Various embodiments enable installable applications that are to be used on a local client machine to utilize an application cache manifest file that resides remotely, on the web, to define various resources that are to be updated and available offline after the installable application has been deployed on the local client machine Whenever the content of the manifest file is updated on the web, the installed application automatically updates its local application cache resources and allows the installed application to use those resources offline. This is done without having to install a new update of the application or burden the user with having to navigate to a location to obtain the updated content.

Abstract: The present invention provides a probe apparatus and method as described below for use as a non-destructive testing (NDT) device to detect and locate structural flaws in a composite laminate. In preferred embodiments, the method includes measuring effective thermal conductivity (Ke) of the laminate using one contact surface, non-invasively. The device is preferably portable and battery-operated. The thermal conductivity method on which the device is based is much simpler to use than the known devices for NDT and allows the utilization of a direct correlation between thermal conductivity and mechanical strength in the case of polymer composites. The device may also be used for process control in manufacturing and monitoring materials in service.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer is disclosed comprising an ion mobility spectrometer or separator (4) and an ion guide (6) arranged downstream of the ion mobility spectrometer or separator (4). A plurality of axial potential wells are created in the ion guide (6) so that ions received from the ion mobility spectrometer or separator (4) become confined in separate axial potential wells. The potential wells maintain the fidelity and/or composition of ions received from the ion mobility spectrometer or separator (4). The potential wells are translated along the length of the ion guide (6).

Abstract: An Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionisation (“APCI”) ion source is disclosed comprising a housing 14 having a corona discharge chamber 1, a reaction chamber 2 and a passage 6 connecting the corona discharge chamber 1 to the reaction chamber 2. Reagent ions are formed in the corona discharge chamber 1 and pass to the reaction chamber 2 via the passage 6. Analyte is sprayed into a heated tube 3. Low to moderately polar analyte molecules pass from the heated tube 3 into the reaction chamber 2 whereupon the analyte molecules are ionised by interacting with reagent ions. In contrast, highly polar analytes are ionised by thermal ionisation processes within the heated tube 3 and hence highly polar analyte ions pass into the reaction chamber 2. Analyte ions entering the reaction chamber 2 are substantially shielded from the effects of an electric field generated in the corona discharge chamber 1 as part of the process of generating reagent ions.

Abstract: A magnetic sector mass spectrometer is disclosed comprising an ion detector (11) wherein a reflecting electrode (13) is used to divide an ion beam in the direction of mass dispersion into two separate ion beams. The two ion beams are directed onto two detectors which preferably comprise two or more conversion dynodes (15a, 15b) and two or more corresponding microchannel plate detectors (14a, 14b) to detect electrons produced by the conversion dynodes (15a, 15b). If the signal from the two detectors differs substantially then the ion beam can be determined to include interference ions. Conversely, if the signal from the two detectors is substantially the same then the ion beam can be determined to be substantially free from interference ions.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer is disclosed comprising an ion mobility spectrometer in combination with a quadrupole mass filter which is scanned in synchronisation with the pulsing of ions into the ion mobility spectrometer thereby enabling ions having a particular charge state to be preferentially transmitted. Another embodiment replaces the quadrupole mass filter with an axial time of flight mass filter and an injection electrode.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer is disclosed comprising an ion trap wherein ions which have been temporally separated according to their mass to charge ratio or ion mobility enter the ion trap. Once at least some of the ions have entered the ion trap, a plurality of ion trapping regions are created along the length of the ion trap in order to fractionate the ions. Alternatively, the ions may be received within one or more axial trapping regions which are translated along the ion trap with a velocity which is progressively reduced to zero.

Abstract: A method of mass spectrometry is disclosed wherein a collision, fragmentation or reaction device is repeatedly switched between a high fragmentation or reaction mode and a low fragmentation or reaction mode. Parent ions from a first sample are passed through the device and parent ion mass spectra and fragmentation ion mass spectra are obtained. Parent ions from a second sample are then passed through the device and a second set of parent ion mass spectra and fragmentation ion mass spectra are obtained. The mass spectra are then compared and if either certain parent ions or certain fragmentation ions in the two samples are expressed differently then further analysis is performed to seek to identify the ions which are expressed differently in the two different samples.

Abstract: A method of mass spectrometry is disclosed wherein a collision, fragmentation or reaction device is repeatedly switched between a high fragmentation or reaction mode and a low fragmentation or reaction mode. Parent ions from a first sample are passed through the device and parent ion mass spectra and fragmentation ion mass spectra are obtained. Parent ions from a second sample are then passed through the device and a second set of parent ion mass spectra and fragmentation ion mass spectra are obtained. The mass spectra are then compared and if either certain parent ions or certain fragmentation ions in the two samples are expressed differently then further analysis is performed to seek to identify the ions which are expressed differently in the two different samples.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer is disclosed comprising a guide wire ion guide 1 having an outer cylindrical electrode 2 and an inner guide wire electrode 3. AC and DC potential differences are maintained between the outer electrode 2 and the inner electrode 3 so that ions are radially confined within the ion guide 1 in an annular potential well. The outer electrode 2 may be segmented and axial potential wells created along the length of the ion guide 1 may be translated along the length of the ion guide 1 by applying additional transient DC potentials to the segments forming the outer electrode 2.

Abstract: An Electrospray Ionisation ion source and an Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionisation ion source are disclosed which comprise a probe 1 comprising three co-axial capillary tubes 2,3,3?. A blue-flame gas torch 6 is provided downstream of the probe 1 as a combustion source. An analyte solution is sprayed from an inner capillary tube 2 of the probe 1, a combustible gas is supplied to an intermediate capillary tube 3 of the probe 1 and oxygen or air is supplied to an outer capillary tube 3? of the probe 1. The combustible gas supplies heat to aid desolvation of the droplets emerging from the probe 1 via combustion with the surrounding oxygen-containing atmosphere when combusted by the blue flame torch 6.

Abstract: An Electrospray Ionisation ion source and an Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionisation ion source are disclosed which comprise a probe 1 comprising two co-axial capillary tubes 2,3. A blue-flame gas torch 6 is provided downstream of the probe 1 as a combustion source. An analyte solution is sprayed from an inner capillary tube 2 of the probe 1 and a combustible gas is supplied to an outer capillary tube 3 of the probe 1. The combustible gas supplies heat to aid desolvation of the droplets emerging from the probe 1 via combustion with the surrounding oxygen-containing atmosphere when combusted by the blue flame torch 6.

Abstract: An ion tunnel ion trap comprises a plurality of electrodes having apertures. The ion tunnel ion trap is preferably coupled to a time of flight mass analyser.

Abstract: A method of mass spectrometry is disclosed wherein ions are trapped for a period of time T within an AC or RF ion guide maintained at a pressure P wherein the product P×T is at least 1 mbar-ms. The effect of trapping the ions according to a preferred embodiment is that singly charged ions which may, for example, comprise unwanted background ions are substantially lost from the trap whereas multiply charged analyte ions are maintained within the ion trap and can then be released for subsequent mass analysis.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer is disclosed comprising an ion source 4, a field free or drift region 5 and an ion mirror 7 comprising a reflectron. Metastable parent ions which spontaneously fragment by Post Source Decay whilst passing through the field free or drift region 5 are arranged to enter the ion mirror 7 and be reflected by the reflectron towards an ion detector 8 when the reflectron is maintained at a certain voltage. The process is then repeated with the reflectron being maintained at a slightly lower voltage. Two related sets of time of flight or mass spectral data are obtained for the two different voltage settings of the reflectron. From the two data sets the different times of flight for the same species of fragment ion can be determined. The mass to charge ratio of the parent ion which fragmented to produce the particular species of fragment ion can then be determined from the times of flight of the fragment ions.

Abstract: An Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionisation ion source is disclosed wherein the current applied to a corona needle 2 is repeatedly varied between two or more settings during a single experimental run or acquisition. Two or more separate sets of mass spectral or mass analysed data are obtained. The ion source in one embodiment comprises a heated tube 1 arranged to discharge gas and analyte into a housing 7 enclosing corona needle 2. The housing 7 comprises a gas outlet port 3 via which analyte ions exit. According to another embodiment the corona needle does not have to be enclosed within a housing.