Abstract: Incapacitation of a mammalian subject results from the application of a pulsed, low-power electric waveform. The waveform is applied to the subject at a frequency and over a time period sufficient to induce involuntary muscular contraction. Additionally, the contraction causes limited lactic acid production and is non- or minimally-injurious to the subject's tissues. A device utilizing such a waveform is designed to control or otherwise subdue an individual.

Abstract: A method for delivering a therapeutic agent to a predetermined location in a host is disclosed, wherein a liposome-encapsulated therapeutic agent is administered to the host, and an electrical field which encompasses a predetermined region within the host is established, such that as the liposome-encapsulated agent is exposed to the electrical field the release of the agent from the liposome to the predetermined region is enhanced.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for the reproducible, consistent and efficacious delivery of a therapeutic agent to a patient. The invention comprises means for the controlled administration of the therapeutic agent through an orifice to the patient, a plurality of penetrating electrodes arranged with a predetermined spatial relationship relative to the orifice, and means for generating an electrical signal operatively connected to the electrodes.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for dissolving actinic oxides, the process comprising performing the steps of (a) introducing the actinic oxides into a solution of nitric acid; (b) treating the acidic solution in order to substantially remove palladium; and (c) treating with divalent silver. Preferably, the actinic oxides are comprised in spent nuclear fuel. Optionally, the process comprises a second treatment of the acidic solution in order to substantially remove palladium and a second treatment with divalent silver. The steps may be performed on a batchwise or continuous basis. The treatment to remove palladium is preferably carried out by solvent extraction or ion exchange, and provides greatly improved rates of dissolution of oxides of plutonium. The treatment with divalent silver preferably involves the addition of a source of monovalent silver, followed by an electrolysis treatment to generate divalent silver.

Abstract: A method for delivering a therapeutic agent to a predetermined location in a host is disclosed, wherein a liposome-encapsulated therapeutic agent is administered to the host, and an electrical field which encompasses a predetermined region within the host is established, such that as the liposome-encapsulated agent is exposed to the electrical field the release of the agent from the liposome to the predetermined region is enhanced.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the reproducible, consistent and efficacious delivery of a therapeutic agent to a patient The invention comprises means for the controlled administration of the therapeutic agent (30) through an orifice to the patient, a plurality of penetrating electrodes (56) arranged with a predetermined spatial relationship relative to the orifice (14), and means for generating an electrical signal operatively connected to the electrodes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating mixtures of fluids having different densities. According to one aspect of the invention, a lower density fluid is separated from a higher density fluid. A mixture of the two fluids is received in a tank. A centrifugation of the mixture is induced in the tank. The lower density fluid is evacuated from the tank until the level of an interface created at least in part by the centrifugation between the higher density fluid and the lower density fluid reaches a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: In the device for controlling the recharging of a battery (2) from a current generator (1), one applies the process according to which: the value of the charging current is varied cyclically from an initial value, the temperature of the battery (2) is monitored so as to search for and measure therein a corresponding variation of the temperature, and the value of the current is reduced if the temperature variation exceeds a target threshold (14). The invention applies to portable terminals.

Abstract: The device for measurement of current exchanged between a battery (1) and electrical circuits (19) of a portable telephone includes a current sensor (21), connecting the battery (1) to the circuits (19), connected to a first input (22) of first integrating circuits (22-27), integrating the current measurement and controlling a comparator (28, 29, 34) detecting the crossing of a high threshold (Vs+) through the integral of the current and applying to a second input (23) of the first integrating circuits (22-27) a calibrated feedback signal to recall below the high threshold (Vs+), second integrating circuits (12-17) to integrate the feedback signals, providing a measurement of the current exchanged. The invention applies well to mobile telephones.

Abstract: Electrolyzer for the extraction of a substance from an electrolytic bath.The electrolyzer comprises an anode and a cathode immersed in the bath. The cathode, in which the substance is formed, surrounds the anode. The electrolyzer also comprises means for confining the substance in the vicinity of the cathode and for guiding said substance along and towards the upper end of the cathode, together with means for collecting the substance at said end. These confinement and guidance means comprises at least one grid layer located in the vicinity of the cathode and passing along the same.Application to the production of alkaline metals or alkaline earth metals.