Abstract: A technique includes in a data storage device, sensing a plurality of data streams from a track of storage media as the media moves in a given direction using a plurality of read elements such that at least one of the read elements is redundant. The technique includes combining the data streams to generate a data stream indicating data read from the track.

Abstract: A data storage system incorporating a write-caching subsystem that implements a steady-state media-based cache is described. The steady-state of the media-based cache can be obtained by directing non-sequential write commands and data received from the host device to multiple independent cache locations and, thereafter, selectively copying or moving such data between the caches so that none of the caches are either too full or too empty. In this manner, a non-sequential write command can be cached in a power-safe manner until it is efficient and/or convenient to write such data to the mainstore portion of the physical media.

Abstract: Techniques for operating tape heads are provided. In an example, a method includes detecting a potential at a sensor region, determining a target potential using a transfer function, and applying the target potential to an effector region.