Abstract: The disclosure provides methods and compositions for affecting the development of antigen presenting cell (APC, e.g., a macrophage or dendritic cell). The methods include maturing an APC, promoting anti-inflammatory phenotype, promoting development of a T regulatory cell (Treg) from a naive T cell. The methods generally include exposing an APC to a tryptophan derived microbiota metabolite (TDMM), such as an anti-inflammatory or pro-mucosal TDMM, and permitting the APC to mature. In some embodiments, the conditioned APC is exposed to a naive T cell to further promote development of a T regulatory cell (Treg). In some embodiments, the TDMM is selected from the group consisting of indole, indole-3-acetate, 5-hydroxyindole, and indole-3-pyruvate.

Abstract: The disclosure provides methods and compositions for affecting the development of antigen presenting cell (APC, e.g., a macrophage or dendritic cell). The methods include maturing an APC, promoting anti-inflammatory phenotype, promoting development of a T regulatory cell (Treg) from a naive T cell. The methods generally include exposing an APC to a tryptophan derived microbiota metabolite (TDMM), such as an anti-inflammatory or pro-mucosal TDMM, and permitting the APC to mature. In some embodiments, the conditioned APC is exposed to a naive T cell to further promote development of a T regulatory cell (Treg). In some embodiments, the TDMM is selected from the group consisting of indole, indole-3-acetate, 5-hydroxyindole, and indole-3-pyruvate.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to methods and compositions for addressing conditions of dysbiosis and/or inflammation, such as enteropathy, associated with administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). The disclosure includes methods comprising administering an effective amount of a tryptophan derived microbiota metabolite (TDMM) to a subject that has also been administered, or is expected to have administered, a NSAID.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions derived from the commensal microbiota and related methods for inducing and differentiating naive T cells. In some embodiments, the compositions and methods can be selectively used to generate stable regulatory T-cells (Tregs or iTregs) or stabilize such Tregs to prevent inflammatory responses and instead promote antigen tolerance. Alternatively, in other aspects, select compositions can be used to promote pro-inflammatory T cell development, such as through the induced development and stabilization of Th1 and Th7 cells.