Abstract: A memory resource is managed by allocation of memory blocks within a larger free memory block to reduce fragmentation and provide efficient methods for consolidation of previously allocated memory blocks into larger free memory blocks.

Abstract: This portfolio construction can be made from a single sheet of light cardboard and it provides two covers hinged together and with each cover made with three layers of cardboard folded back on itself. Each cover has two pockets suitable for holding loose sheets. The inside panel of the back cover has a transverse slot into which the cardboard on the back of a writing pad can be inserted to retain and protect pad sheets when enclosed between the front and back covers of the portfolio; the pad sheets are exposed for ready writing when the portfolio covers are hinged open The only adhesive required is along one horizontal edge of each cover.

Abstract: This book is made in sections with blank pages of each section divided from those of other sections by separators that are made of heavier paper than the blank pages of the sections. The separators have tabs extending from the vertical edges of the separators and for limited portions of the height of the vertical edges of each of the separators at the upper portions of the vertical edges. Pockets are formed by panels of the separators, the pockets preferably being formed on opposite sides of each separator. The pockets are wider than the horizontal width of the pages so that pages torn from the book between separators can be placed in the pockets, preferably without folding the pages.

Abstract: This invention provides a special sheet lifter in a looseleaf notebook, and means associated with the sheet lifter for punching openings in an unperforated sheet at locations that fit the ring spacing of the looseleaf book. A flap portion hinged to the main body portion of the sheet lifter swings about a hinge line of a punch and die structure for making holes in any sheet at spacings for receiving the rings of the looseleaf book with which the sheet lifter is a part.