Abstract: A medium-voltage switchgear system includes a three-phase circuit breaker having first, second and third single-phase vacuum interrupters connected between respective first, second and third single-phase inputs and first, second and third single-phase outputs. Magnetic actuators are connected to first, second and third single-phase vacuum interrupters, which are configured to receive an interrupt signal and in response, actuate the respective vacuum interrupter connected thereto into an open circuit condition. A controller circuit is connected to each of the first, second and third magnetic actuators and generates an interrupt signal in response to a detected single-phase overcurrent or fault on a single-phase circuit and interrupt that single-phase circuit on which the single-phase overcurrent or fault occurred and maintain power on the remaining two single-phase circuits over which a single-phase overcurrent or fault was not detected.

Abstract: A medium-voltage switchgear system includes a three-phase circuit breaker having first, second and third single-phase vacuum interrupters connected between respective first, second and third single-phase inputs and first, second and third single-phase outputs. Magnetic actuators are connected to first, second and third single-phase vacuum interrupters, which are configured to receive an interrupt signal and in response, actuate the respective vacuum interrupter connected thereto into an open circuit condition. A controller circuit is connected to each of the first, second and third magnetic actuators and generates an interrupt signal in response to a detected single-phase overcurrent or fault on a single-phase circuit and interrupt that single-phase circuit on which the single-phase overcurrent or fault occurred and maintain power on the remaining two single-phase circuits over which a single-phase overcurrent or fault was not detected.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for eliminating noise in non-invasive biological interrogation techniques may be described herein. A method may include taking a first set of measurements over a time period. The first set of measurements may be indicated by an electronic signal. The first set of measurements may correspond to a physiological characteristic of a subject. A change in the physiological characteristic of the subject may correspond to a change in a blood constituent of the subject. The method may include: taking a second set of measurements over the time period; correlating the first and second sets of measurements, wherein the correlating removes noise from the electronic signal; sectioning out the electronic signal; calculating an amplitude difference between two or more sections of the electronic signal; and determining a change in the amount of the blood constituent based on the difference.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed are systems and methods for fabricating microchannels in metal. In an embodiments, a method includes providing a first metallic plate having a first surface with an elongated slot recessed therein, providing a second metallic plate having a second surface, interfacing the first surface of the first metallic plate with the second surface of the second metallic plate with the second surface covering the elongated slot to form a microchannel between the first metallic plate and the second metallic plate, thermal bonding the first metallic plate to the second metallic plate to form a metallic body having the microchannel extending therethrough, and infiltrating the metallic body with an infiltrant.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed are systems and methods for interfacing a metallic capillary in a microchannel of a metallic body. A method may include inserting a portion of the metallic capillary into a portion the microchannel of the metallic body, sintering the portion of the metallic capillary to the portion of the microchannel of the metallic body, disposing a sacrificial powder at least proximate to the metallic capillary and the metallic body after sintering the portion of the metallic capillary and the portion of the microchannel of the metallic body, and infiltrating at least the portion of the metallic capillary sintered to the portion of the microchannel of the metallic body with an infiltrant in the presence of the sacrificial powder disposed at least proximate to the metallic capillary and the metallic body.

Abstract: A method for forming a microscale device may include growing, by a chemical vapor deposition, a patterned forest of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes, wherein the patterned forest defines a component of the microscale device, and applying a conformal non-metal coating to the vertically aligned carbon nanotubes throughout the patterned forest, wherein the conformal non-metal coating comprises a substantially uniform thickness along a length of the vertically aligned carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: In a general aspect, an apparatus can include a substrate and a post disposed on the substrate. The post can include a plurality of nanotubes and extend substantially vertically from the substrate. The post can have an aspect ratio of a height of the post to a diameter of the post of greater than or equal to 25:1.

Abstract: In a general aspect, an apparatus can include a substrate and a post disposed on the substrate. The post can include a plurality of nanotubes and extend substantially vertically from the substrate. The post can have an aspect ratio of a height of the post to a diameter of the post of greater than or equal to 25:1.

Abstract: A method for forming a microscale device may include growing, by a chemical vapor deposition, a patterned forest of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes, wherein the patterned forest defines a component of the microscale device, and applying a conformal non-metal coating to the vertically aligned carbon nanotubes throughout the patterned forest, wherein the conformal non-metal coating comprises a substantially uniform thickness along a length of the vertically aligned carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: A modular structure includes a sill and a plurality of interlocking panels. The interlocking panels are attached to one another to form a panel assembly having a first end and a second end. The first end of the panel assembly is attached to a first side of the sill, and the second end of the panel assembly is attached to a second, opposing side of the sill.

Abstract: A microscale device may include a patterned forest of vertically grown and aligned carbon nanotubes defining a carbon nanotube forest with the nanotubes having a height defining a thickness of the forest. The patterned forest may define a patterned frame that defines one or more components of the microscale device. The microscale device may also include a conformal coating of substantially uniform thickness extending throughout the carbon nanotube forest. The carbon nanotube forest may have a thickness of at least three microns. The conformal coating may substantially coat the nanotubes, define coated nanotubes and connect adjacent nanotubes together such that the carbon nanotube forest is sufficiently robust for liquid processing, without substantially filling interstices between individual coated nanotubes. The microscale device may also include a metallic interstitial material infiltrating the carbon nanotube forest and at least partially filling interstices between individual coated nanotubes.

Abstract: In a general aspect, an apparatus can include a porous, monolithic resonator having nanoscale pores defined therein. The apparatus can also include an adsorbent selective to a given analyte disposed on an exterior of the porous, monolithic resonator, the exterior of the porous, monolithic resonator including surfaces defining the nanoscale pores.

Abstract: A microscale device may include a patterned forest of vertically grown and aligned carbon nanotubes defining a carbon nanotube forest with the nanotubes having a height defining a thickness of the forest. The patterned forest may define a patterned frame that defines one or more components of the microscale device. The microscale device may also include a conformal coating of substantially uniform thickness extending throughout the carbon nanotube forest. The carbon nanotube forest may have a thickness of at least three microns. The conformal coating may substantially coat the nanotubes, define coated nanotubes and connect adjacent nanotubes together such that the carbon nanotube forest is sufficiently robust for liquid processing, without substantially filling interstices between individual coated nanotubes. The microscale device may also include a metallic interstitial material infiltrating the carbon nanotube forest and at least partially filling interstices between individual coated nanotubes.

Abstract: A microscale device comprises a patterned forest of vertically grown and aligned carbon nanotubes defining a carbon nanotube forest with the nanotubes having a height defining a thickness of the forest, the patterned forest defining a patterned frame that defines one or more components of a microscale device. A conformal coating of substantially uniform thickness at least partially coats the nanotubes, defining coated nanotubes and connecting adjacent nanotubes together, without substantially filling interstices between individual coated nanotubes. A metallic interstitial material infiltrates the carbon nanotube forest and at least partially fills interstices between individual coated nanotubes.

Abstract: In a general aspect, an apparatus can include a substrate and a post disposed on the substrate. The post can include a plurality of nanotubes and extend substantially vertically from the substrate. The post can have an aspect ratio of a height of the post to a diameter of the post of greater than or equal to 25:1.

Abstract: In a general aspect, an apparatus can include a porous, monolithic resonator having nanoscale pores defined therein. The apparatus can also include an adsorbent selective to a given analyte disposed on an exterior of the porous, monolithic resonator, the exterior of the porous, monolithic resonator including surfaces defining the nanoscale pores.

Abstract: An optical tape data storage is disclosed. An optical tape includes a substrate in a linear thin film shape and a recording layer deposited on the substrate. An irreversible optically detectable change is formed in the recording layer upon application of energy to the recording layer such that data is recorded on the recording layer by forming optically detectable changes. The recording layer may comprise a metal, a metal alloy, a metal oxide, a metalloid, or any combination thereof. The optical tape may further include an adhesion promotion layer for improving adhesion of the recording layer and the substrate, a reflective layer for providing optical contrast to an adjacent layer, and/or an absorptive layer positioned adjacent to the recording layer to absorb ablatable material not entirely ablated during ablation.

Abstract: An x-ray window comprising a polymer and carbon nanotubes and/or graphene. The carbon nanotubes and/or graphene can be embedded in the polymer. Multiple layers of polymer, carbon nanotubes, and/or graphene may be used. The polymer with carbon nanotubes and/or graphene can be used as an x-ray window support structure and/or thin film.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a method for manufacturing a thin layer chromatography (“TLC”) plate is disclosed. The method includes forming a layer of elongated nanostructures (e.g., carbon nanotubes), and at least partially coating the elongated nanostructures with a coating. The coating includes a stationary phase and/or precursor of a stationary phase for use in chromatography. The stationary phase may be functionalized with hydroxyl groups by exposure to acidified water vapor or immersion in a concentrated acid bath (e.g., HCl and methanol). At least a portion of the elongated nanostructures may be removed after being coated. Embodiments for TLC plates and related methods are also disclosed.