Abstract: Lipid compositions are provided exhibiting the functionality of a typical shortening or filler fat, but are achieved with reduced and essentially zero trans-unsaturated fatty acids and that deliver reduced caloric content. By one approach, the functional lipid compositions include a blend of a matrix building ingredient, which is preferably a structured glycerol ester, and an edible liquid oil diluent in ratios such that the lipid composition exhibits the functionality of the traditional shortening or filler fat.

Abstract: Lipid compositions are provided exhibiting the functionality of a typical shortening or filler fat, but are achieved with reduced and essentially zero trans-unsaturated fatty acids and that deliver reduced caloric content. By one approach, the functional lipid compositions include a blend of a matrix building ingredient, which is preferably a structured glycerol ester, and an edible liquid oil diluent in ratios such that the lipid composition exhibits the functionality of the traditional shortening or filler fat.

Abstract: Lipid compositions are provided exhibiting the functionality of a typical shortening or filler fat, but are achieved with reduced and essentially zero trans-unsaturated fatty acids and that deliver reduced caloric content. By one approach, the functional lipid compositions include a blend of a matrix building ingredient, which is preferably a structured glycerol ester, and an edible liquid oil diluent in ratios such that the lipid composition exhibits the functionality of the traditional shortening or filler fat.

Abstract: Lipid compositions are provided exhibiting the functionality of a typical shortening or filler fat, but are achieved with reduced and essentially zero trans-unsaturated fatty acids and that deliver reduced caloric content. By one approach, the functional lipid compositions include a blend of a matrix building ingredient, which is preferably a structured glycerol ester, and an edible liquid oil diluent in ratios such that the lipid composition exhibits the functionality of the traditional shortening or filler fat.

Abstract: An enzymatic transesterification method for preparing a margarine oil having both low trans- acid and low intermediate chain fatty acid content is disclosed. The method includes the steps of providing a transesterification reaction mixture containing a stearic acid source material and an edible liquid vegetable oil, transesterifying the stearic acid source material and the vegetable oil using a 1-, 3-positionally specific lipase, and then finally hydrogenating the fatty acid mixture to provide a recycle stearic acid source material for a recyclic reaction with the vegetable oil. Also described is a counter-current method for preparing a transesterified oil.

Abstract: Processes for the bioconversion production of L-ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), and to microorganisms (e.g., Candida Norvegensis MF-56, ATCC 20686 and Candida Norvegensis MF-78, ATCC 20732) and bioconversion media which are specifically adapted for such bioconversion.

Abstract: An apparatus for monitoring a chemical process or fermentation having a flow-through vial which includes a container having a specimen sampling opening and an inlet port and an outlet port defining an internal flow path through which liquid specimen is circulated from a chemical process. A self-sealing septum is adapted to seal off the sampling opening, and a cap having an orifice is engaged with the container, holding the septum in sealing relationship over the sampling opening. Specimen, which reflects current conditions within the chemical process, is periodically aspirated from the vial by extending a hollow needle through the orifice, septum and sampling opening and into the internal flow path.

Abstract: Processes for the fermentation production of L-ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), and to microorganisms (e.g., Candida Norvegensis MF-56, ATCC 20686) and fermentation media which are specifically adapted for such fermentation.