Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a phosphorus-vanadium oxide and a phosphorus-vanadium-co-metal catalyst suitable for the oxidation of butane to maleic anhydride is disclosed. The catalyst is prepared by reacting, in an aqueous medium, a vanadium compound, inorganic acid and, if used, a metal oxide. Ortho-phosphoric acid is then added to form a soluble vanadium-phosphorus or a vanadium-phosphorus-metal catalyst. The acidified water is removed and aliphatic alcohols and either aromatic acids or aromatic anhydrides, or a mixture of these, are added and the alcohols are removed. The solid phosphorus-vanadium, or phosphorus-vanadium-metal oxide is recovered under vacuum.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of cobalt and manganese from solid aromatic acid oxidation incinerator ash, pyrolysis sand and pyrolysis char is disclosed. The process comprises heating the solid residue at a temperature of about 120.degree. to about 300.degree. C. and a pressure of about 3 atmospheres to about 30 atmospheres. The recovered catalyst is useful for the oxidation of alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons to their corresponding di- or tricarboxylic acids which are used for the manufacture of fibers, films and molded products.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a phosphorus-vanadium and phosphorus-vanadium-co-metal catalysts suitable for use in the manufacture of maleic anhydride from butane which process comprises reacting at a temperature of about 0.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C. a vanadium compound in an organic ether solvent having about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms with a phosphoryl halide in the presence of water or an aliphatic alcohol having from about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, eliminating the solvent and activating the catalyst by the addition of butane or other hydrocarbon feedstock and a phosphorus compound at a temperature of about 300.degree. C. to about 500.degree. C. The catalysts are useful for the manufacture of maleic anhydride from butane feedstock.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a phosphorus-vanadium oxide and a phosphorus-vanadium-co-metal catalyst suitable for the oxidation of butane to maleic anhydride is disclosed. The catalyst is prepared by reacting, in an aqueous medium, a vanadium compound, inorganic acid and, if used, a metal oxide. Ortho-phosphoric acid is then added to form a soluble vanadium-phosphorus or a vanadium-phosphorus-metal catalyst. The acidified water is removed and aliphatic alcohols and either aromatic acids or aromatic anhydrides, or a mixture of these, are added and the alcohols are removed. The solid phosphorus-vanadium, or phosphorus-vanadium-metal oxide is recovered under vacuum.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a phosphorus/vanadium/metal oxide catalyst suitable for the oxidation of butane to maleic anhydride can be prepared by reacting in an aqueous medium a vanadium compound, inorganic acid and metal oxide, then adding orthophosphoric acid to form a soluble vanadium phosphorus metal oxide catalyst, removing the acidified water and adding an aliphatic alcohol, removing the alcohol and recovering under vacuum the solid phosphorus vanadium metal oxide catalyst.