Abstract: The present invention discloses an apparatus and method for rapid analysis of members of a combinatorial library. The apparatus includes a plurality of vessels for containing individual library members and a fluid handling system that apportions a test fluid about equally between each of the vessels. This allows for simultaneous screening of library members by detecting changes in test fluid following contact with individual library members. Fluid flow through each of the vessels is controlled using passive flow restrictors or active flow controllers to ensure that each library member contacts approximately the same amount of test fluid per unit time. The disclosed apparatus is especially useful for screening library members based on their ability to catalyze the conversion of fluid reactants.

Abstract: Crystallization Photoresist (PR) apparatus and methods which allow for fast screening and determination of protein crystallization conditions with small protein quantities and rapid crystallization. The apparatus comprise a first region comprising a first nucleation catalyst material and a second region comprising a second nucleation catalyst material, with the first and second regions positioned adjacent to each other and configured to support at least one crystal, and with the first region having a variation in a nucleation property of the first nucleation catalyst material in the first region. The crystal may be supported at an interface of the adjacent regions.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an apparatus and method for rapid analysis of members of a combinatorial library. The apparatus includes a plurality of vessels for containing individual library members and a fluid handling system that apportions a test fluid about equally between each of the vessels. This allows for simultaneous screening of library members by detecting changes in test fluid following contact with individual library members. Fluid flow through each of the vessels is controlled using passive flow restrictors or active flow controllers to ensure that each library member contacts approximately the same amount of test fluid per unit time. The disclosed apparatus is especially useful for screening library members based on their ability to catalyze the conversion of fluid reactants.

Abstract: A microcontact printhead device having a frame and an array of at least two printing elements unitarily formed with the frame. Each of the printing elements may include a printing tip, a printing fluid reservoir associated with the printing tip, and one or more flexible support members that attach the printing tip to the frame. Also, a method of fabricating the microcontact printhead device using micromachining and a method of using the microcontact printhead device for printing an array of spots.

Abstract: An electrochemical deposition and testing system consisting of individually addressable electrode arrays, a fully automated deposition head, and a parallel screening apparatus is described. The system is capable of synthesizing and screening millions of new compositions at an unprecedented rate.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for the synthesis of arrays of molecules bound to a substrate, and in particular oligomeric molecules such as DNA oligonucleotides and peptides. The methods of the invention comprise providing a substrate having first and second surfaces and a plurality of isolated porous regions extending through the substrate and communicating with the first and second surfaces, contacting selected ones of the porous regions with a reagent, allowing the reagent to bind to or otherwise interact with the selected porous regions, and withdrawing unreacted first reagent from the substrate through the selected porous regions by introducing a pressure differential across the substrate. The events may be repeated as required to form oligomeric molecules.

Abstract: An electrochemical deposition and testing system consisting of individually addressable electrode arrays, a fully automated deposition head, and a parallel screening apparatus is described. The system is capable of synthesizing and screening millions of new compositions at an unprecedented rate.

Abstract: Crystallization Photoresist (PR) apparatus and methods which allow for fast screening and determination of protein crystallization conditions with small protein quantities and rapid crystallization. The apparatus comprise a first region comprising a first nucleation catalyst material and a second region comprising a second nucleation catalyst material, with the first and second regions positioned adjacent to each other and configured to support at least one crystal, and with the first region having a variation in a nucleation property of the first nucleation catalyst material in the first region. The crystal may be supported at an interface of the adjacent regions.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for producing microarrays of chemical and biochemical materials. The apparatus includes one or more pins, a holder for the pins and a dispensing tray for holding one or more liquids. The apparatus is microfabricated from semiconductor materials such as silicon, silicone oxides, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, polymers, ceramics, non-ferric alloys using chemical and physical microfabrication and photolithographic techniques.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an apparatus and method for rapid analysis of members of a combinatorial library. The apparatus includes a plurality of vessels for containing individual library members and a fluid handling system that apportions a test fluid about equally between each of the vessels. This allows for simultaneous screening of library members by detecting changes in test fluid following contact with individual library members. Fluid flow through each of the vessels is controlled using passive flow restrictors or active flow controllers to ensure that each library member contacts approximately the same amount of test fluid per unit time. The disclosed apparatus is especially useful for screening library members based on their ability to catalyze the conversion of fluid reactants.

Abstract: An electrochemical deposition and testing system consisting of individually addressable electrode arrays, a fully automated deposition head, and a parallel screening apparatus is described. The system is capable of synthesizing and screening millions of new compositions at an unprecedented rate.

Abstract: An electrochemical deposition and testing system consisting of individually addressable electrode arrays, a fully automated deposition head, and a parallel screening apparatus is described. The system is capable of synthesizing and screening millions of new compositions at an unprecedented rate.

Abstract: An electrochemical deposition and testing system consisting of individually addressable electrode arrays, a fully automated deposition head, and a parallel screening apparatus is described. The system is capable of synthesizing and screening millions of new compositions at an unprecedented rate.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an apparatus and method for rapid analysis of members of a combinatorial library. The apparatus includes a plurality of vessels for containing individual library members and a fluid handling system that apportions a test fluid about equally between each of the vessels. This allows for simultaneous screening of library members by detecting changes in test fluid following contact with individual library members. Fluid flow through each of the vessels is controlled using passive flow restrictors or active flow controllers to ensure that each library member contacts approximately the same amount of test fluid per unit time. The disclosed apparatus is especially useful for screening library members based on their ability to catalyze the conversion of fluid reactants.

Abstract: A number of layered vanadium oxide crystalline compositions are prepared by simple hydrothermal reactions. Generally, the compositions comprise parallel layers of mixed valence vanadium oxides with guest cations intercalated between the layers. The guest cations may comprise metal coordination complexes with bidentate ligands, monomeric ammonium or diammonium cations, or mixtures of alkali metal cations with monomeric ammonium cation or diammonium cations.

Abstract: A fatigue resistent ferroelectric element having a ferroelectric body, and regions of enhanced oxide ion mobility on opposite sides of the body to which are attached electrodes. In one embodiment, an element made from the known ferroelectric material PZT is treated at each of two surfaces where the electrodes are to be attached with a fast ion conductor, such as doped yttria stabilized zirconia. In another embodiment, a ferroelectric element constructed essentially of strontium tantalite (SrTaO.sub.6) has each of its surfaces where electrodes are to be attached treated with bismuth oxide (Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3) that is then diffused into surface regions of the element during an annealing process.

Abstract: A number of layered vanadium oxide crystalline compositions are prepared by simple hydrothermal reactions. Generally, the compositions comprise parallel layers of mixed valence vanadium oxides with guest cations intercalated between the layers. The guest cations may comprise metal coordination complexes with bidentate ligands, monomeric ammonium or diammonium cations, or mixtures of alkali metal cations with monomeric ammonium cation or diammonium cations.

Abstract: The quaternary Zintl material (Et.sub.4 N).sub.4 ?Au(Ag.sub.1-x Au.sub.x).sub.2 Sn.sub.2 Te.sub.9 ! that contains 1-D semiconducting chains composed of four metallic elements is prepared by treating ethylenediamine extracts of a pentanary K--Au--Ag--Sn--Te alloy with Et.sub.4 NI.

Abstract: A number of layered vanadium oxide crystalline compositions are prepared by simple hydrothermal reactions. Generally, the compositions comprise parallel layers of mixed valence vanadium oxides with guest cations intercalated between the layers. The guest cations may comprise metal coordination complexes with bidentate ligands, monomeric ammonium or diammonium cations, or mixtures of alkali metal cations with monomeric ammonium cation or diammonium cations.

Abstract: A new class of vanadium phosphate materials using a mixed valence pentavanadate as the building block has been created using hydrothermal self-assembly techniques. These materials use a framework composed solely of V.sub.5 O.sub.9 (PO.sub.4).sub.4/2 pentamers and apart from the cationic template contain some of the largest voids and cavities yet reported in open framework solids.