Abstract: Reactive barriers and methods for making reactive barriers in situ in soil for sequestering soil ontaminants including actinides and heavy metals. The barrier includes phosphate, and techniques are disclosed for forming specifically apatite barriers. The method includes injecting dilute reagents into soil in proximity to a contamination plume or source such as a waste drum to achieve complete or partial encapsulation of the waste. Controlled temperature and pH facilitates rapid formation of apatite, for example, where dilute aqueous calcium chloride and dilute aqueous sodium phosphate are the selected reagents. Mixing of reagents to form precipitate is mediated and enhanced through movement of reagents in soil as a result of phenomena including capillary action, movement of groundwater, soil washing and reagent injection pressure.

Abstract: A method is provided for retrofitting conventional aluminum smelting cells with inert anode assemblies which replace the consumable carbon anodes of the cell. The inert anode assemblies are pre-heated prior to introduction into the operating cell. Insulation may be installed for reducing heat loss during operation of the retrofit cells.

Abstract: An adjustable foot rest including a base portion having a generally rectangular configuration. The base portion has a bottom wall and a top wall. The base portion includes angled opposed long side walls and angled opposed short end walls. The long side walls and the short end walls are angled outwardly from the top wall to the bottom wall. A T-shaped portion is provided having a bottom wall and a top wall. The T-shaped portion has angled interior walls and vertically disposed exterior walls. The angled interior walls are angled outwardly from the top wall to the bottom wall. The T-shaped portion adjustably couples with the base portion. At least one L-shaped portion is provided having a bottom wall and a top wall and angled interior walls and vertically disposed exterior walls. The angled interior walls are angled outwardly from the top wall to the bottom wall. The L-shaped portion adjustably couples with the base portion.

Abstract: A small, multi-function device called the GPS/Telemetry Transmitter (GTT) that can recover telemetry (TM) data from missiles, spacecraft, balloons, or any moving platform or vehicle, and generate high accuracy trajectory estimates using GPS data is disclosed. Additionally, the concept underlying the GTT of transmitting high-data-rate telemetry and instrument data concurrently with transdigitized GPS data is incorporated in a GPS-Linked Transponder (GLT) resulting in a simpler and cheaper satellite positioning system.

Abstract: The present invention continuously monitors the amount of curing radiation available for curing coating material on a moving optical fiber and includes a curing system having a radiation source capable of providing radiation energy for curing coating material on an optical fiber and a reflector system which redirects non-direct radiation back toward the article. An optical fiber which has been provided with a curable coating material is moved along a path of travel through a curing area. The coating material is cured by causing the radiation source to emit energy suitable for curing the curable coating material. The predictable average amount of light energy properly redirected by the reflector system toward the curable article is sensed as the curable coating material is being cured to obtain continuous in-process reading. The average radiation value is obtained by positioning three longitudinally aligned holes adjacent the fiber path and between the fiber and a radiation sensing device.

Abstract: An electrical interconnection medium is made as a composite of electrically conducting, magnetic particles in a nonconductive matrix material. Particles are magnetically aligned into a network which extends in at least two dimensions as, e.g., in a sheet or layer medium. A layer medium may further include additional, larger conductive particles which may be magnetically aligned into columns extending the thickness of the medium; typically, in this case, the medium serves as an anisotropically conductive medium in the direction of the columns, with slight in-plane conductivity imparted by the network aiding the dissipation of electrostatic charge.

Abstract: Apparatus for categorizing and accumulating a plurality of different event types wherein the characteristics of each event are detected by a detector and presented to the apparatus as an electrical signal of variable analog or digital value which may indicate the type, speed, energy level or the like of an event. The apparatus includes a table look-up storage device having a plurality of individually addressable memory locations which receives the electrical or digital value and in response thereto outputs a bin address or clock select number which identifies a particular bin. Clock distribution logic circuitry receives the bin address from the look-up table storage device and in accordance with the bin address selects a particular bin and increments the event count being accumulated therein. Counter select logic circuitry is also provided for use by a host computer or the like to select a particular bin and output the event count being accumulated in the selected bin.

Abstract: A cellular logic operation processor for performing transformations, according to a controlled sequence, of the data points of a first matrix into a corresponding number of data points of a second matrix. The processor includes a plurality of operably connected digital storage devices for temporarily and sequentially storing each neighborhood of data points from a first matrix, wherein a neighborhood of data points is comprised of a central data point and its surrounding data points in a matrix. The processor also includes a plurality of taps wherein each tap is electrically connected to a digital storage device such that the tap electrically indicates the state of the data point stored in the digital storage device. A look-up table is also provided having stored therein a plurality of transformation values which are individually addressable in accordance with the combined states indicated by the taps.

Abstract: Analog-to-digital conversion and a computer produce finer resolution for interferometer distance measurement. The system applies to a laser interferometer producing two detected signals with voltages 19 and 20 that vary to form two sine waves in quadrature as interference fringes occur. A pair of analog-to-digital converters 21 and 22 converts each of these signals into digital values subdividing each sine wave fringe cycle into a plurality of increments. An up/down counter 25 supplied with a significant digit from each of the converters counts fringes corresponding to changes in path lengths. A computer 30 arranged with access to the fringe count and the digital increments determines a distance measurement based on the fringe count and a fine resolution of the distance measurement based on final values of the signals at any subdivided fringe cycle increments after changes in the path lengths.

Abstract: Phase is modulated in a grazing incidence interferometer by modulating the incidence angle and spacing the test surface far enough from the reference surface so that the incidence angle modulation changes the phase relationship between the interferring beam reflected from the test surface and the reference beam reflected from the reference surface substantially more than it changes the sensitivity of the interferometer to surface variations between the reference and test surfaces. The preferred way of accomplishing this is with tiltable mirror 15 modulating the incidence angle slightly relative to prism 11 with its reference surface 12 and test surface 13 spaced from reference surface 12 in interferometer 10. An electromagnetic element 16 such as a galvanometer is preferred for tilting mirror 15.