Abstract: A process for the conversion of plastics to chemicals includes, in part: providing a plastics stream (A) including polyvinyl chloride (PVC); supplying the plastics stream (A) and a solvent (S) to a reactor vessel (1); subjecting the plastics in the reactor vessel to a temperature of ?250° C. to <350 under applying a vacuum or using an inert gas sweep, and evacuating the generated hydrogen chloride (B) from the vessel, wherein the PVC is partially dechlorinated to form a plastics stream (C) including partially unsaturated PVC; removing the plastics stream (C) including partially unsaturated PVC from the reaction vessel; separating in a separation system (2) at least a part of the partially unsaturated PVC from the plastics stream to form a dechlorinated plastics stream (D) including the solvent; and combining the stream (D) with an atmospheric residue stream (N) to obtain a stream (O).

Abstract: Systems and processes of purifying waste plastic pyrolysis oil (pyoil) using water based extractions.

Abstract: Methods of removing chlorine from a mixed plastic waste that can include a first polymer and a second chlorine containing polymer are described. A method can include heating a mixed plastic waste to obtain a melted mixed plastic waste stream. The melted mixed plastic waste stream can include melted plastic and hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas. The surface area of the melted mixed plastic stream can be increased such that at least a portion of the HCl is released from the melted mixed plastic waste stream and a first product stream is produced. The first product stream includes less chlorine when compared with the mixed plastic waste prior to heating.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of plastics to chemicals includes, in part: providing a plastics stream (A) including polyvinyl chloride (PVC); supplying the plastics stream (A) and a solvent(S) to a reactor vessel (1); subjecting the plastics in the reactor vessel to a temperature of ?250° C. to <350 under applying a vacuum or using an inert gas sweep, and evacuating the generated hydrogen chloride (B) from the vessel, wherein the PVC is partially dechlorinated to form a plastics stream (C) including partially unsaturated PVC; removing the plastics stream (C) including partially unsaturated PVC from the reaction vessel; separating in a separation system (2) at least a part of the partially unsaturated PVC from the plastics stream to form a dechlorinated plastics stream (D) including the solvent; and combining the stream (D) with an atmospheric residue stream (N) to obtain a stream (O).

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process and a system of producing a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising an oligomeric product derived from waste plastic material wherein such hydrocarbon feedstock is particularly suited for fluidized catalytic cracking. The invention further relates to such hydrocarbon feedstock and its associated properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of plastics to chemicals comprising in this order the steps of: (i) providing a plastics stream (A) comprising polyvinyl chloride (PVC); (ii) supplying the plastics stream (A) and a solvent (S) to a reactor vessel (1); (iii) subjecting the plastics in the reactor vessel to a temperature of ?250° C. to <350, preferably of ?275° C. and ?325° C.

Abstract: A process involving the steps in this order of: providing a waste plastics stream (A) comprising polyvinyl chloride (PVC); (i) supplying the waste plastics stream (A) to a reactor vessel; (ii) subjecting the waste plastics in the reactor vessel to a temperature of ?250° C. and ?350° C., preferably of ?275° C. and ?325° C., preferably for a period of 5-30 minutes, under applying a vacuum, preferably of ?35 mbar, or using an inert gas sweep, and evacuating the generated hydrogen chloride (B) from the vessel, wherein the PVC is partially dechlorinated to form a waste plastics stream (C) comprising partially unsaturated PVC; (iii) removing the waste plastics stream (C) comprising partially unsaturated PVC from the reaction vessel; and (iv) separating the partially unsaturated PVC from the waste plastics stream to form a dechlorinated waste plastics stream (D).

Abstract: A process for production of chemical feedstocks from waste plastics, the process comprising providing a process configuration comprising a fractionation tower (1), a furnace (2), one or more coke drum(s) (3), and a pre-reactor (4), configured so that a bottoms stream (A) from the fractionation tower is mixed with an oligomeric stream (L) and supplied to the furnace, the product stream from the furnace (C) is supplied to a coke drum, and an overhead stream (D) from the coke drum is supplied back to the fractionation tower; wherein the oligomeric stream (L) is obtained as product stream from conversion of a waste plastics stream (B) in the pre-reactor, and has a weight average molecular weight of between 5,000 and 10,000 g/mol. Such process allows for the conversion of a wide variety of waste plastics into valuable chemical products.

Abstract: Systems and methods for processing mixed plastic waste may include one or more reactive extruders to initially dechlorinate and depolymerize the mixed plastic waste and a catalytic reactive distillation column to further process the dechlorinated, depolymerized mixed plastic waste. Depolymerization of the mixed plastic waste through one or more of the disclosed systems and methods produces and enhances the yield of at least a naphtha blend stock.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and processes for the conversion of a methane feedstock to C2+ hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Methods and systems of producing chemical feedstocks from crude oil can include: introducing a fraction of crude oil into a catalytic hydrovisbreaker reactor, wherein the crude oil fraction is dealkylated after introduction; introducing a product stream from the catalytic hydrovisbreaker reactor and a solvent into a solvent de-asphalter unit; and introducing de-asphalted oil from the unit into a two-stage hydrocracker to produce the chemical feedstocks. The crude oil fraction can be atmospheric residue or vacuum residue. The chemical feedstocks can include C3? gases, C4-C5 gases, naphtha, BTX, and gas oil. The chemical feedstocks can be used to produce olefins and polymers.

Abstract: Supported oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) catalysts, methods of making the catalysts, and uses thereof are described. A supported OCM) catalyst can include a nonporous inert support having a high thermal conductivity and an OCM mixed metal oxide material in contact with surface of the nonporous inert support.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and processes for the conversion of a methane feedstock to C2+ hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Methods and systems of producing chemical feedstocks from crude oil can include: introducing a fraction of crude oil into a catalytic hydrovisbreaker reactor, wherein the crude oil fraction is dealkylated after introduction; introducing a product stream from the catalytic hydrovisbreaker reactor and a solvent into a solvent de-asphalter unit; and introducing de-asphalted oil from the unit into a two-stage hydrocracker to produce the chemical feedstocks. The crude oil fraction can be atmospheric residue or vacuum residue. The chemical feedstocks can include C3? gases, C4-C5 gases, naphtha, BTX, and gas oil. The chemical feedstocks can be used to produce olefins and polymers.

Abstract: Supported oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) catalysts, methods of making the catalysts, and uses thereof are described. A supported OCM) catalyst can include a nonporous inert support having a high thermal conductivity and an OCM mixed metal oxide material in contact with surface of the nonporous inert support.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the invention is a method of removing sulfur from a hydrocarbon feed using the steps of dissolving metallic sodium in a first solvent, combining the sodium/first solvent solution with a sulfur-free alkane or cycloalkane second solvent, vaporizing the first solvent from sodium/first solvent/second solvent combination to transfer the dissolved metallic sodium into the second solvent, and then combine the resultant liquid with a liquid hydrocarbon feed containing an organosulfur species. The resulting stream is combined with a hydrogen donor. The combination is heated and pressurized to form a liquid hydrocarbon product containing sodium sulfide. The liquid hydrocarbon product containing sodium sulfide is then cooled, and the sodium sulfide is extracted. The extracted sodium sulfide is then processed in a sodium sulfur cell to regenerate the sodium and recycle it to the feed.

Abstract: A method for recovery of fuel-grade ethanol from dilute aqueous ethanol feed in a continuous or batch-wise process includes providing a feed tank containing a dilute aqueous ethanol liquid phase and a vapor phase, removing a portion of the vapor phase from the tank and circulating it through a membrane contactor having an inner lumen and an outer shell, recovering from the membrane contactor a feed phase substantially reduced in ethanol and a solvent phase substantially enriched in ethanol, separating an enriched ethanol phase from the solvent phase, and removing a substantial amount of water from the enriched ethanol phase to produce a fuel-grade ethanol stream. A Venturi nozzle may be used in lieu of the membrane contactor.

Abstract: Methods for recovery of at least one alcohol from dilute aqueous alcohol feed streams are described. The methods include steps of a) providing a source of a dilute aqueous alcohol feed stream including at least one alcohol; b) substantially removing any solids from the dilute aqueous alcohol feed stream to form a feed stream substantially devoid of solids; c) circulating the feed stream substantially devoid of solids through a liquid-liquid extraction system having multiple equilibrium stages; d) recovering a raffinate phase substantially depleted in the at least one alcohol and an extract phase substantially enriched in the at least one alcohol; e) passing the extract phase to a recovery system wherein the extract phase is subjected to microwave radiation; f) recovering the volatilized product; and g) recycling the solvent to the liquid-liquid extraction system. The microwave radiation substantially heats the alcohol but not the solvent to form a volatilized product of substantially pure alcohol.

Abstract: Methods for extracting an organic solute from a feed source using aromatic extraction solvents are described herein. Solvent modifiers such as, for example, cetyl alcohol may also be used to alter the properties of the solvent and improve the extraction. In some embodiments, the extraction solvent can be recycled after performing the extraction. In some embodiments, the organic solute may be separated from the extraction solvent after the extraction. For example, in some embodiments, the organic solute may be adsorbed on to 5 ? molecular sieve zeolites and then removed thereafter. Removal of the organic solute can take place by heating, applying a vacuum or a combination thereof. Apparatuses for extracting an organic solute from a feed source are also described herein.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compositions and methods for the recovery of olefins from a mixture. The compositions of the present invention comprise: (1) a transition metal ion; (2) a counter anion; (3) a ligand selected from the group consisting of a bidentate ligand and a tridentate ligand, wherein the ligand comprises at least two nitrogen atoms, and wherein each of the nitrogen atoms comprises a lone pair of electrons; and (4) a polar solvent with a boiling point of at least about 200° C. The methods of the present invention comprise: (1) providing the aforementioned compositions; (2) bonding at least a portion of the olefins in a mixture to the transition metal ion in the composition to form a complex; (3) separating the complex from the mixture; and (4) recovering the olefins from the complex.