Abstract: Disclosed here are novel compositions and methods which can be used as a blood substitute to ameliorate adverse physiological effects of blood loss. The novel compositions comprise fluids containing water, electrolytes, glycerol, and additional energy sources.

Abstract: Disclosed here are novel compositions and methods which can be used to reduce or prevent adverse physiological effects of physical exercise or environmental exposure. The novel compositions comprise fluids containing water, sugar, electrolytes, and a substance which is non-toxic to man or animals, can be rapidly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, prevents decreases in blood volume, and acts as an energy source.

Abstract: Disclosed here are novel compositions and methods which can be used to reduce or prevent adverse physiological effects of physical exercise or environmental exposure. The novel compositions comprise fluids containing water, sugar, electrolytes, and a substance which is non-toxic to man or animals, can be rapidly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, prevents decreases in blood volume, and acts as an energy source.

Abstract: Disclosed here are novel compositions and methods which can be used to reduce or prevent adverse physiological effects of physical exercise or environmental exposure. The novel compositions comprise fluids containing water, sugar, electrolytes, and a substance which is non-toxic to man or animals, can be rapidly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, prevents decreases in blood volume, and acts as an energy source.

Abstract: Disclosed here are novel compositions and methods which can be used to reduce or prevent adverse physiological effects of physical exercise or environmental exposure. The novel compositions comprise fluids containing water, sugar, electrolytes, and a substance which is non-toxic to man or animals, can be rapidly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, prevents decreases in blood volume, and acts as an energy source.

Abstract: A female urinary device includes a generally inverted U-shaped, stiff and resiliently bendable, member having an upper end portion insertable into a vaginal orifice and depending spaced leg portions engaged with the vaginal wall. Spaced arm portions extend laterally forwardly from the leg portions for forcibly contacting and spreading the labia minora and majora without distorting forces being applied to the urethral orifice disposed generally between and adjacent the free ends of the arm portions. A reduced neck portion of the legs is located in the vaginal orifice after said leg portions have been squeezed together and the device is properly positioned in and on the female. The vaginal muscles engage the leg portions which correspondingly exert expanding forces within the vagina to position and stabilize the device in its operative position with the arm portions exerting expanding forces on the labia minora and majora.