Abstract: Caging structures are disclosed for caging or otherwise reducing the mechanical shock pulse experienced by MEMS device beam structures during events that may cause mechanical shock to the MEMS device. The caging structures at least partially surround the beam such that they limit the motion of the beam in a direction perpendicular to the beam's longitudinal axis, thereby reducing stress on the beam during a mechanical shock event. The caging structures may be used in combination with mechanical shock-resistant beams.

Abstract: Caging structures are disclosed for caging or otherwise reducing the mechanical shock pulse experienced by MEMS device beam structures during events that may cause mechanical shock to the MEMS device. The caging structures at least partially surround the beam such that they limit the motion of the beam in a direction perpendicular to the beam's longitudinal axis, thereby reducing stress on the beam during a mechanical shock event. The caging structures may be used in combination with mechanical shock-resistant beams.

Abstract: Caging structures are disclosed for caging or otherwise reducing the mechanical shock pulse experienced by MEMS device beam structures during events that may cause mechanical shock to the MEMS device. The caging structures at least partially surround the beam such that they limit the motion of the beam in a direction perpendicular to the beam's longitudinal axis, thereby reducing stress on the beam during a mechanical shock event. The caging structures may be used in combination with mechanical shock-resistant beams.

Abstract: Caging structures are disclosed for caging or otherwise reducing the mechanical shock pulse experienced by MEMS device beam structures during events that may cause mechanical shock to the MEMS device. The caging structures at least partially surround the beam such that they limit the motion of the beam in a direction perpendicular to the beam's longitudinal axis, thereby reducing stress on the beam during a mechanical shock event. The caging structures may be used in combination with mechanical shock-resistant beams.

Abstract: Caging structures are disclosed for caging or otherwise reducing the mechanical shock pulse experienced by MEMS device beam structures during events that may cause mechanical shock to the MEMS device. The caging structures at least partially surround the beam such that they limit the motion of the beam in a direction perpendicular to the beam's longitudinal axis, thereby reducing stress on the beam during a mechanical shock event. The caging structures may be used in combination with mechanical shock-resistant beams.

Abstract: Caging structures are disclosed for caging or otherwise reducing the mechanical shock pulse experienced by MEMS device beam structures during events that may cause mechanical shock to the MEMS device. The caging structures at least partially surround the beam such that they limit the motion of the beam in a direction perpendicular to the beam's longitudinal axis, thereby reducing stress on the beam during a mechanical shock event. The caging structures may be used in combination with mechanical shock-resistant beams.

Abstract: Systems and techniques for using one or more virtual pivots in a shutter system for a miniature camera. A virtual pivot system may comprise one or more flexures, so that a shutter apparatus may be rotated about a center of rotation without a physical rotation element at the center of rotation. The virtual pivot system may provide a number of benefits, including the reduction or elimination of stiction.

Abstract: A method for cleaning glass from a molded item includes applying hydrofluoric acid to the molded item. The molded item can be an injection molded item made from a glass filled polymer material. For example, hydrofluoric acid can be applied by immersion, spraying, exposure to vapors, or brushing. The molded item can be friction cleaned, e.g., scrubbed, and/or cleaned via oxygen plasma prior to the application of hydrofluoric acid.

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, an electrostatic actuator has a base having a plurality of base pillars formed thereon and has a stage having a plurality of stage pillars formed thereon. The controlled application of voltage signals to the base pillars and/or the stage pillars results in electrostatic force that effects movement of the stage with respect to the base.

Abstract: A method and system for facilitating focusing of a miniature camera are disclosed. One or more lenses can be attached to a MEMS stage. The MEMS stage can be moved by a Lorentz actuator. The MEMS stage can be configured to limit movement of the lens(es) to a single degree of freedom to inhibit misalignment thereof with respect to an imaging sensor. The stage can be biased to a predefined position thereof, e.g., for focus at infinity. A metal cover can inhibit electromagnetic interference and can limit movement of the lens(es).

Abstract: An actuator for miniature cameras and the like is disclosed. The actuator can comprise a plurality of magnets and a plurality of coils disposed generally symmetrically with respect to the magnets. The magnets and the coils are configured so that they cooperate in order to effect substantially linear movement due to a Lorentz force therebetween. In this manner, undesirable rotational forces can be substantially mitigated. The actuator can be used to effect movement of optical elements to facilitate variable focus, zoom, and/or image stabilization, for example.

Abstract: A method and system for biasing focusing optics of a miniature camera in a predetermined position are disclosed. A spring can be used to bias the optics in a position for focus at infinity. Such biasing mitigates power consumption, provides a failsafe feature, and mitigates the detrimental effects associated with the use of autofocus upon a subject having fuzzy features.

Abstract: A method and system for limiting the motion of items, such as camera optics, are disclosed. A motion limiting member can be used to limit the motion of the item using a surface thereof that abuts a structure of the item. Limits on the motion can be defined by a positioning member that is attached to the motion limiting member and that abuts a structure that is fixed with respect to the desired range of motion of the item whose motion is being limited. This abutment facilitates the precise definition of the limit on the motion of the item.

Abstract: A method and system for damping movement of a stage, such as a stage to which camera optics are attached, is disclosed. A viscous substance, such as silicone oil, can be disposed between the stage and a snubber assembly so as to substantially mitigate ringing of the stage as it is moved from one position to another. The viscous substance also mitigates damage due to vibration and shock.

Abstract: A method and system for limiting the motion of components such as the optics of a camera are disclosed. The system can comprise a stage and a snubber assembly for controlling motion of the stage in six degrees of freedom. For example, the snubber assembly can permit movement in one translational degree of freedom while substantially limiting motion in the other five degrees of motion so as to facilitate focusing and/or zooming of a camera while inhibiting misalignment of the optics and while providing some protection against shock and vibration. Such motion control can be achieved while mitigating costs associated with precision manufacturing of the snubber assembly.

Abstract: Micromachined passive alignment assemblies and methods of using and making the same are provided. The alignment assemblies are used to align at least one optical element. The alignment assemblies may be configured with kinematic, pseudo-kinematic, redundant or degenerate support structures. One alignment assembly comprises a base and a payload, which supports at least one optical element. The payload may be coupled to the base via connecting structures. The base, the payload and/or the connecting structures may have internal flexure assemblies for preloading a connection, thermal compensation and/or strain isolation.

Abstract: Heat treatment tunnel kiln for products having a circular cross-section, comprising a main heat treatment zone for circulating tubes or bars perpendicular to their axis, ensuring the rolling of the tubes or bars inside the supports, and zones for circulating the supports parallel to their axis, connected to flow circuits for gases different from those in the main zone.