Abstract: A method includes providing an interposer that includes an electrically insulating substrate, upper contact pads disposed on an upper surface, and lower contact pads disposed on a lower surface, providing a semiconductor package that includes a semiconductor die embedded within a package body and a plurality of package terminals exposed from the package body, providing a first passive electrical element that comprises first and second terminals, forming a first electrical connection between the first terminal of the first passive electrical element and a first one of the lower contact pads via the interposer, forming a second electrical connection between the second terminal of the first passive electrical element and a first one of the package terminals, and forming a third electrical connection between a second one of the package terminals and a second one of the lower contact pads via the interposer.

Abstract: A method includes providing an interposer that includes an electrically insulating substrate, upper contact pads disposed on an upper surface, and lower contact pads disposed on a lower surface, providing a semiconductor package that includes a semiconductor die embedded within a package body and a plurality of package terminals exposed from the package body, providing a first passive electrical element that comprises first and second terminals, forming a first electrical connection between the first terminal of the first passive electrical element and a first one of the lower contact pads via the interposer, forming a second electrical connection between the second terminal of the first passive electrical element and a first one of the package terminals, and forming a third electrical connection between a second one of the package terminals and a second one of the lower contact pads via the interposer.

Abstract: A semiconductor assembly includes an interposer that includes an insulating substrate, a plurality of upper contact pads on an upper surface of the substrate, and a plurality of lower contact pads on a lower surface of the substrate, a semiconductor package that includes a semiconductor die embedded within a package body and a plurality of package terminals exposed from the package body, a first passive electrical element that includes first and second terminals, a first electrical connection between the first terminal of the first passive electrical element and a first one of the lower contact pads via the interposer, a second electrical connection between the second terminal of the first passive electrical element and a first one of the package terminals, and a third electrical connection between a second one of the package terminals and a second one of the lower contact pads via the interposer.

Abstract: A semiconductor assembly includes an interposer that includes an insulating substrate, a plurality of upper contact pads on an upper surface of the substrate, and a plurality of lower contact pads on a lower surface of the substrate, a semiconductor package that includes a semiconductor die embedded within a package body and a plurality of package terminals exposed from the package body, a first passive electrical element that includes first and second terminals, a first electrical connection between the first terminal of the first passive electrical element and a first one of the lower contact pads via the interposer, a second electrical connection between the second terminal of the first passive electrical element and a first one of the package terminals, and a third electrical connection between a second one of the package terminals and a second one of the lower contact pads via the interposer.

Abstract: A switched-capacitor converter includes a rectifier at the output, a plurality of legs coupled between the input and the rectifier, and a controller. Each leg of the switched-capacitor converter includes a capacitor, and a switch device is connected to each leg. A first group of the legs is coupled to a first branch of the rectifier, and a second group of the legs is coupled to a second branch of the rectifier. The controller alternates switching of the first and second groups of legs after startup, to transfer energy from the input to the output during a first part of each switching cycle via the first group of legs and to ground during a second part of each switching cycle via the second group of legs. The controller or a current limited source provides for pre-charging of at least one of the capacitors during startup.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and embodiments related to aligning an image of a table of a form with an image of a table of a template of the form. Automatically extracting data entered in fields of a table of a form by a user can be aided by matching the form with a template of the form. The form template can have a digitized representation that identifies locations of fields of the form, and that identifies labels of the fields. Matching the form with the form template can enable locations and labels of fields of the form to be identified based on the digitized representation. However, matching the form with the form template may require matching the table of the form with the table of the form template, and matching two tables can be challenging. For example, the tables can be rotated, warped, scaled, etc. relative to each other.

Abstract: A switched-capacitor converter includes a rectifier at the output, a plurality of legs coupled between the input and the rectifier, and a controller. Each leg of the switched-capacitor converter includes a capacitor, and a switch device is connected to each leg. A first group of the legs is coupled to a first branch of the rectifier, and a second group of the legs is coupled to a second branch of the rectifier. The controller alternates switching of the first and second groups of legs after startup, to transfer energy from the input to the output during a first part of each switching cycle via the first group of legs and to ground during a second part of each switching cycle via the second group of legs. The controller or a current limited source provides for pre-charging of at least one of the capacitors during startup.

Abstract: A voltage converter includes a power stage, a passive circuit, a synchronous rectification (SR) switch component, and a control circuit. The passive circuit couples the power stage to an output node of the voltage converter, and is switchably coupled to ground by the SR switch component. The SR switch component includes a plurality of SR switches, which are independently controllable. The control circuit determines which of the SR switches are to be activated/enabled, and only uses those SR switches in its variable switching of the voltage converter. The determination of which SR switches are to be activated/enabled is based upon an estimate of the output current for the voltage converter. By using more SR switches when the voltage converter is fully loaded, and fewer SR switches when it is lightly loaded, the power loss of the SR switch component is minimized and the voltage converter is more power efficient.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for assessing comfort levels associated with user experience of a virtual reality environment is provided.

Abstract: A resonant or semi-resonant voltage converter includes a synchronous rectification (SR) switch through which a current having a half-cycle sinusoidal-like shape is conducted when the SR switch is active. The current through the SR switch is estimated, so that a zero-crossing condition may be detected and used for turning off the SR switch near the optimal point at which zero current is flowing through the SR switch. The current through the SR switch may be estimated based upon a measurement of the current flowing through the SR switch, a measurement of the current flowing out from the secondary side of a transformer in the voltage converter, or a measurement corresponding to the current flowing into the primary side of the transformer.

Abstract: A voltage converter includes a power stage, a passive circuit, a synchronous rectification (SR) switch component, and a control circuit. The passive circuit couples the power stage to an output node of the voltage converter, and is switchably coupled to ground by the SR switch component. The SR switch component includes a plurality of SR switches, which are independently controllable. The control circuit determines which of the SR switches are to be activated/enabled, and only uses those SR switches in its variable switching of the voltage converter. The determination of which SR switches are to be activated/enabled is based upon an estimate of the output current for the voltage converter. By using more SR switches when the voltage converter is fully loaded, and fewer SR switches when it is lightly loaded, the power loss of the SR switch component is minimized and the voltage converter is more power efficient.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and embodiments related to aligning an image of a table of a form with an image of a table of a template of the form. Automatically extracting data entered in fields of a table of a form by a user can be aided by matching the form with a template of the form. The form template can have a digitized representation that identifies locations of fields of the form, and that identifies labels of the fields. Matching the form with the form template can enable locations and labels of fields of the form to be identified based on the digitized representation. However, matching the form with the form template may require matching the table of the form with the table of the form template, and matching two tables can be challenging. For example, the tables can be rotated, warped, scaled, etc. relative to each other.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, the system and method disclosed herein process light-field image data so as to mitigate or remove the effects of pixel saturation in light-field images. A light-field image may be captured with a light-field image capture device with a microlens array. The light-field image may be demodulated, and then a recovered value for each saturated pixel of the demodulated light-field image may be obtained. This may be done by comparing a saturated value of each saturated pixel with reference values of reference pixels proximate the saturated pixel and, if the proximate pixels have a higher reference value than the saturated value, setting the saturated pixel to the reference value. This process may be carried out iteratively until recovered values are obtained for the saturated pixels. A demodulated, saturation-recovered light-field image may then be generated and displayed with the recovered values for the saturated pixels.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, the system and method disclosed herein process light-field image data so as to mitigate or remove the effects of pixel saturation in light-field images. A light-field image may be captured with a light-field image capture device with a microlens array. The light-field image may be demodulated, and then a recovered value for each saturated pixel of the demodulated light-field image may be obtained. This may be done by comparing a saturated value of each saturated pixel with reference values of reference pixels proximate the saturated pixel and, if the proximate pixels have a higher reference value than the saturated value, setting the saturated pixel to the reference value. This process may be carried out iteratively until recovered values are obtained for the saturated pixels. A demodulated, saturation-recovered light-field image may then be generated and displayed with the recovered values for the saturated pixels.

Abstract: The present application describes processes for the synthesis of morphinane and morphinone compounds, useful as pharmaceutical agents. Also included are novel intermediates useful in the preparation of these compounds. The process comprises quaternization of oripavine to provide a mixture of the R- and S-isomeric (at the nitrogen) quaternary salts. The R-isomer is readily isolated and converted to various N-(R)-morphinane and N-(S)-morphinone compounds. The R-isomer, S-isomer or a mixture of R- and S-isomers may be demethylated and converted to various morphinane and morphinone compounds.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, the present may be used to apply a wide variety of processes to a two-dimensional image generated from light-field data. One or more parameters, such as light-field parameters and/or device capture parameters may be included in metadata of the two-dimensional image, and may be retrieved and processed to determine the appropriate value(s) of a first setting of the process. The process may be applied uniformly, or with variation across subsets of the two-dimensional image, down to individual pixels. The process may be a noise filtering process, an image sharpening process, a color adjustment process, a tone curve process, a contrast adjustment process, a saturation adjustment process, a gamma adjustment process, a combination thereof, or any other known process that may be desirable for enhancing two-dimensional images.

Abstract: This specification describes technologies relating to digital images. In general, one aspect of the subject matter described in this specification can be embodied in methods that include the actions of receiving a source wide-angle image; identifying one or more locally salient features of the source wide-angle image; calculating a mapping from the source wide-angle image to a two-dimensional mapped wide-angle image according to constraints using the identified one or more spatially variable salient features; and rendering the mapped wide-angle image using the calculated mapping such that the mapped wide-angle image reduces distortion of the locally salient features relative to the distortion of the source wide angle image.

Abstract: A high-strength pearlitic steel rail with an excellent combination of wear properties and rolling contact fatigue resistance wherein the steel has 0.88% to 0.95% carbon, 0.75% to 0.92% silicon, 0.80% to 0.95% manganese, 0.05% to 0.14% vanadium, up to 0.008% nitrogen, up to 0.030% phosphorus, 0.008 to 0.030% sulphur, at most 2.5 ppm hydrogen, at most 0.10% chromium, at most 0.010% aluminium, at most 20 ppm oxygen, the remainder being iron and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: The present application describes processes for the synthesis of morphinane and morphinone compounds, useful as pharmaceutical agents. Also included are novel intermediates useful in the preparation of these compounds. The process comprises quaternization of oripavine to provide a mixture of the R- and S-isomeric (at the nitrogen) quaternary salts. The R-isomer is readily isolated and converted to various N-(R)-morphinane and N-(S)-morphinone compounds. The R-isomer, S-isomer or a mixture of R- and S-isomers may be demethylated and converted to various morphinane and morphinone compounds.

Abstract: A high-strength pearlitic steel rail with an excellent combination of wear properties and rolling contact fatigue resistance wherein the steel has 0.88% to 0.95% carbon, 0.75% to 0.92% silicon, 0.80% to 0.95% manganese, 0.05% to 0.14% vanadium, up to 0.008% nitrogen, up to 0.030% phosphorus, 0.008 to 0.030% sulphur, at most 2.5 ppm hydrogen, at most 0.10% chromium, at most 0.010% aluminium, at most 20 ppm oxygen, the remainder being iron and unavoidable impurities.