Abstract: A compact and highly efficient intravenous fluid heater includes a heat exchanger assembly, sensors for sensing respective temperatures of entering and exiting fluids of the flow path, a controller for controlling the heat generated by the heat exchanger assembly, based upon the temperatures of the exiting fluids, heating of the fluid in the flow path by the heating element so as to cause the fluid in the flow path to be substantially uniformly heated to a desired infusion temperature prior to exiting the heater. The heat exchanger assembly uses thin film heating elements having a predetermined set temperature and that transfers heat directly to a standard intravenous tube coil wrapped around the battery housing. The intravenous fluid heater is located in a housing with the intravenous fluid lines extending there from for standard connection with an intravenous line or source of intravenous fluid.

Abstract: A primary support member defining a general shape of the steering wheel. A rigid over-molding layer generally encasing said primary support member. An electrically resistive layer disposed on said over-molding layer for being energized to create a heat source on the steering wheel. A first electrically conductive strip applied to said electrically resistive layer defining a positive electrical connection to said electrically resistive layer. A second electrically conductive strip applied to said electrically resistive layer defining a negative electrical connection to said electrically resistive layer. A dielectric layer encasing said electrically resistive layer and said first and second electrically conductive strips for insulation. A finishing cover layer applied over said dielectric layer generally encasing said dielectric layer.

Abstract: A steering wheel heater assembly comprising a first layer made from a flexible mesh material, the first layer circumferentially wrapped around the steering wheel to add strength and durability to the heating assembly and to prevent movement of the heating assembly; a second layer comprising a double-sided adhesive for bonding the first layer to the steering wheel and to a third layer comprising a substrate made of polyamide material for distributing heat to the steering wheel; a fourth layer comprising a resistive material made from a carbon polymer; a fifth layer comprising a conductive layer of polymer based silver for providing electrical current to the steering wheel; and a sixth layer comprising a double-sided adhesive for insulating the fifth layer and for bonding the fifth layer to a seventh layer comprising a material for covering the exterior of the heater assembly.