Abstract: An electrically-switchable liquid crystal cell (10) is provided, along with a lens (50) comprising the cell, and methods of manufacturing the cell. The liquid crystal cell (10) includes a diffractive optical element (12) and liquid crystal material (14) switchable between an unmatched state and a matched state. In the unmatched state, the effective refractive index of the liquid crystal material (14) is different from the refractive index of the base material (18) of the diffractive optical element (12). In the matched state, the effective refractive index of the liquid crystal material (14) matches the refractive index of the base material (18). In the matched state the diffractive optical element does not contribute a focal power for the lens. The diffractive optical element (12) has a number of peaks (20) and troughs (30) having rounded corners.

Abstract: A system and method for the production of microbial consortiums and by-product material is provided. A physical containment system comprising phase spaces arranged in a discrete order to favor specific biological reactions is also provided. Phase profiles and phase data sets include the pre-determined physical and biological parameters for the phase space transitions. Movement of material from one phase to the next is hydraulically balanced enabling working fluid to continuously move in a fixed direction and rate of flow. Continuous monitoring of phase profiles and phase data sets provide feedback to the system enabling alteration of the conditions in the system to control reactions therein.

Abstract: A method of producing an ophthalmic lens member is disclosed. The method comprises mounting an ophthalmic lens member blank 16 on a mandrel 1 for machining. The mandrel 1 has a front surface 6 comprising a planar surface region 10, a curved surface region 8 and a tool trench 12 located between the curved surface region 8 and the planar surface region 10. The method comprises mounting the mandrel 1 on a machine tool; and then severing a portion of the ophthalmic lens member blank 16 by passing a cutting tool 70 through the ophthalmic lens member blank 16 until a portion of the cutting tool 70 is received in the tool trench 12. A mandrel 1 suitable for use in the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method for the production of microbial consortiums and by-product material is provided. A physical containment system comprising phase spaces arranged in a discrete order to favor specific biological reactions is also provided. Phase profiles and phase data sets include the pre-determined physical and biological parameters for the phase space transitions. Movement of material from one phase to the next is hydraulically balanced enabling working fluid to continuously move in a fixed direction and rate of flow.

Abstract: A system and method for the production of microbial consortiums and by-product material is provided. A physical containment system comprising phase spaces arranged in a discrete order to favor specific biological reactions is also provided. Phase profiles and phase data sets include the pre-determined physical and biological parameters for the phase space transitions. Movement of material from one phase to the next is hydraulically balanced enabling working fluid to continuously move in a fixed direction and rate of flow. Continuous monitoring of phase profiles and phase data sets provide feedback to the system enabling alteration of the conditions in the system to control reactions therein.

Abstract: A system and method for the production of microbial consortiums and by-product material is provided. A physical containment system comprising phase spaces arranged in a discrete order to favor specific biological reactions is also provided. Phase profiles and phase data sets include the pre-determined physical and biological parameters for the phase space transitions. Movement of material from one phase to the next is hydraulically balanced enabling working fluid to continuously move in a fixed direction and rate of flow. Continuous monitoring of phase profiles and phase data sets provide feedback to the system enabling alteration of the conditions in the system to control reactions therein.

Abstract: A system and method for the production of microbial consortiums and by-product material is provided. A physical containment system comprising phase spaces arranged in a discrete order to favor specific biological reactions is also provided. Phase profiles and phase data sets include the pre-determined physical and biological parameters for the phase space transitions. Movement of material from one phase to the next is hydraulically balanced enabling working fluid to continuously move in a fixed direction and rate of flow. Continuous monitoring of phase profiles and phase data sets provide feedback to the system enabling alteration of the conditions in the system to control reactions therein.

Abstract: Epinephrine formulated in aqueous solvent at a basic pH of about 8.5 remains in solid state. My data show that epinephrine formulated at a pH of about 8.5 is surprisingly resistant to oxidation. I here teach how to formulate solid-state epinephrine in basic solution, and how to use solid-state epinephrine to make pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Abstract: Epinephrine formulated in aqueous solvent at a basic pH of about 8.5 remains in solid state. My data show that epinephrine formulated at a pH of about 8.5 is surprisingly resistant to oxidation. I here teach how to formulate solid-state epinephrine in basic solution, and how to use solid-state epinephrine to make pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Abstract: Epinephrine formulated in aqueous solvent at a basic pH of about 8.5 remains in solid state. My data show that epinephrine formulated at a pH of about 8.5 is surprisingly resistant to oxidation. I here teach how to formulate solid-state epinephrine in basic solution, and how to use solid-state epinephrine to make pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Abstract: Braces to reduce bending of a brachytherapy needle during insertion into a patient, as well as methods of using the needle braces and kits useful therefor.

Abstract: An axle assembly with a Salisbury-type axle housing that includes a carrier housing. The carrier housing is constructed with a system of reinforcements in selected areas.

Abstract: An axle assembly with a Salisbury-type axle housing that includes a carrier housing. The carrier housing is constructed with a system of reinforcements in selected areas.

Abstract: A system and method for the production of microbial consortiums and by-product material is provided. A physical containment system comprising phase spaces arranged in a discrete order to favor specific biological reactions is also provided. Phase profiles and phase data sets include the pre-determined physical and biological parameters for the phase space transitions. Movement of material from one phase to the next is hydraulically balanced enabling working fluid to continuously move in a fixed direction and rate of flow. Continuous monitoring of phase profiles and phase data sets provide feedback to the system enabling alteration of the conditions in the system to control reactions therein.