Abstract: High spherical particles for use in piezoelectric applications may be produced mixing a mixture comprising a graphene oxide-polyvinylidene fluoride (GO-PVDF) composite, a carrier fluid that is immiscible with the PVDF, and optionally an emulsion stabilizer at a temperature equal to or greater than a melting point or softening temperature of the PVDF to disperse the GO-PVDF composite in the carrier fluid, wherein the GO-PVDF composite has a transmission FTIR minimum transmittance ratio of ?-phase PVDF to ?-phase PVDF of about 1 or less; cooling the mixture to below the melting point or softening temperature of the PVDF to form GO-PVDF particles; and separating the GO-PVDF particles from the carrier fluid, wherein the GO-PVDF particles comprise the graphene oxide dispersed in the PVDF, and wherein the GO-PVDF particles have a transmission FTIR minimum transmittance ratio of ?-phase PVDF to ?-phase PVDF of about 1 or less.

Abstract: A structured organic film (SOF) composite is disclosed, including a structured organic film (SOF), which may include a plurality of segments; a plurality of linkers, where at least one of the plurality of linkers connects at least one of the plurality of segments. The composite also includes a polymer additive incorporated into the SOF. The polymer additive is present in the SOF in a plurality of nanodomains, ranging in size from about 50 nm to about 1 micron. The polymer additive may include a polysulfone. The polysulfone can be poly(oxy-1,4-phenylenesulfonyl-1,4-phenylene). The polymer additive is present in an amount of from about 5 wt % to about 25 wt % based on a total weight of the SOF composite. The structured organic film (SOF) composite may include an ionic segment or ionic capping segment.

Abstract: A composition, a gas diffusion electrode, and a method for fabricating the same is disclosed. In an example, the composition includes carbon supported nitrogen surface functionalized silver nanoparticles. The gas diffusion electrode can be fabricated with the carbon supported nitrogen surface functionalized silver nanoparticles and deployed in a membrane electrode assembly for various applications.

Abstract: A gas diffusion electrode and a method for fabricating the same is disclosed. The gas diffusion electrode can be deployed in a membrane electrode assembly for various applications. In an example, the method to fabricate the gas diffusion electrode includes preparing an ink comprising carbon supported surface functionalized silver nanoparticles and depositing the ink on an electrically conductive surface.

Abstract: Carbon supported surface functionalized silver nanoparticles and a method for preparing the same are disclosed. For example, a composition includes carbon supported surface functionalized silver nanoparticles, The methods include preparing a liquid-containing composition comprising a plurality of silver nanoparticles and adding a carbon structure with the liquid-containing composition to form the carbon supported silver nanoparticles in-situ or mixing a composition comprising a carbon structure, a plurality of silver nanoparticles, and a liquid to grow silver nanoparticles on the carbon structure in-situ.

Abstract: Highly spherical particles may comprise a thermoplastic polymer grafted to a carbon nanomaterial (CNM-g-polymer), wherein the particles have an aerated density of about 0.5 g/cm3 (preferably about 0.55 g/cm3) to about 0.8 g/cm3. Said CNM-g-polymer particles may be useful in a variety of applications including selective laser sintering additive manufacturing methods.

Abstract: A method of forming a pre-cure solution for a structured organic film (SOF) is described, including contacting at least one type of segment and at least one type of pre-linker with a bio-based solvent. The method also includes dissolving the at least one type of segment and the at least one type of pre-linker within the bio-based solvent. The method also includes where the bio-based solvent has a viscosity above 0.92 MPa-s. A composition including a bio-based solvent is also disclosed.

Abstract: A structured organic film (SOF) composite is disclosed, including a structured organic film (SOF), which may include a plurality of segments; a plurality of linkers, where at least one of the plurality of linkers connects at least one of the plurality of segments. The composite also includes a polymer additive incorporated into the SOF. The polymer additive is present in the SOF in a plurality of nanodomains, ranging in size from about 50 nm to about 1 micron. The polymer additive may include a polysulfone. The polysulfone can be poly(oxy-1,4-phenylenesulfonyl-1,4-phenylene). The polymer additive is present in an amount of from about 5 wt % to about 25 wt % based on a total weight of the SOF composite. The structured organic film (SOF) composite may include an ionic segment or ionic capping segment.

Abstract: A structured organic film (SOF) includes a plurality of segments, and a plurality of linkers, where at least one of the plurality of linkers connects at least one of the plurality of segments. The film also includes where at least one or more of the plurality of segments may include an ionic species or a nonionic species. The structured organic film (SOF) can include a piperidinium-based quaternary ammonium segment. The piperidinium-based quaternary ammonium compound may include N-hydroxyethylmethyl-4-piperidiniummethanol (NHM4PiP). At least one of the plurality of segments may include a pyridinium-based quaternary ammonium compound. The pyridinium-based quaternary ammonium compound may include N-hydroxyethyl-4-pyridiniummethanol (NH4MPy). Free-standing structured organic films can be folded without cracking at a fold line and are flexible and water-swellable and stable without tearing during exposure to water, and flexible and stable without tearing subsequent to water exposure and drying.

Abstract: A structured organic film (SOF) is described, including a plurality of non-polymeric, non-fluorinated polyol segments, and a plurality of linkers. The non-polymeric, non-fluorinated polyol segment can include pentaerythritol, triethylene glycol (TEG), benzyl tris(2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium (BTHEA), or a combination thereof. The structured organic film can include a plurality of capping segments, for example, a plurality of ionic capping segments, such as N-hydroxyethyl-1,2,4,5-tetramethylimidazolium (NEtTMIm), N-hydroxypropyl-1,2,4,5-tetramethylimidazolium (NPTMIm), or a combination thereof. An ion-exchange membrane may include one or more examples of the structured organic film (SOF).

Abstract: Methods for producing highly spherical particles that comprise: mixing a mixture comprising: (a) nanoclay-filled-polymer composite comprising a nanoclay dispersed in a thermoplastic polymer, (b) a carrier fluid that is immiscible with the thermoplastic polymer of the nanoclay-filled-polymer composite, optionally (c) a thermoplastic polymer not filled with a nanoclay, and optionally (d) an emulsion stabilizer at a temperature at or greater than a melting point or softening temperature of the thermoplastic polymer of the nanoclay-filled-polymer and the thermoplastic polymer, when included, to disperse the nanoclay-filled-polymer composite in the carrier fluid; cooling the mixture to below the melting point or softening temperature to form nanoclay-filled-polymer particles; and separating the nanoclay-filled-polymer particles from the carrier fluid.

Abstract: A nonlimiting example method of forming highly spherical carbon nanomaterial-graft-polyurethane (CNM-g-polyurethane) particles may comprising: mixing a mixture comprising: (a) carbon nanomaterial-graft-polyurethane (CNM-g-polyurethane), wherein the CNM-g-polyurethane particles comprises: a polyurethane grafted to a carbon nanomaterial, (b) a carrier fluid that is immiscible with the polyurethane of the CNM-g-polyurethane, optionally (c) a thermoplastic polymer not grafted to a CNM, and optionally (d) an emulsion stabilizer at a temperature greater than a melting point or softening temperature of the polyurethane of the CNM-g-polyurethane and the thermoplastic polymer, when included, and at a shear rate sufficiently high to disperse the CNM-g-polyurethane in the carrier fluid; cooling the mixture to below the melting point or softening temperature to form CNM-g-polyurethane particles; and separating the CNM-g-polyurethane particles from the carrier fluid.

Abstract: Methods for producing highly spherical particles that comprise: mixing a mixture comprising: (a) nanoclay-filled-polymer composite comprising a nanoclay dispersed in a thermoplastic polymer, (b) a carrier fluid that is immiscible with the thermoplastic polymer of the nanoclay-filled-polymer composite, optionally (c) a thermoplastic polymer not filled with a nanoclay, and optionally (d) an emulsion stabilizer at a temperature at or greater than a melting point or softening temperature of the thermoplastic polymer of the nanoclay-filled-polymer and the thermoplastic polymer, when included, to disperse the nanoclay-filled-polymer composite in the carrier fluid; cooling the mixture to below the melting point or softening temperature to form nanoclay-filled-polymer particles; and separating the nanoclay-filled-polymer particles from the carrier fluid.

Abstract: Thermoplastic polymer particles can be produced that comprise a thermoplastic polymer and an emulsion stabilizer (e.g., nanoparticles and/or surfactant) associated with an outer surface of the particles. The nanoparticles may be embedded in the outer surface of the particles. Melt emulsification can be used to produce said particles. For example, a method may include: mixing a mixture comprising a thermoplastic polymer, an carrier fluid that is immiscible with the thermoplastic polymer, and the emulsion stabilizer at a temperature greater than a melting point or softening temperature of the thermoplastic polymer and at a shear rate sufficiently high to disperse the thermoplastic polymer in the carrier fluid; cooling the mixture to below the melting point or softening temperature of the thermoplastic polymer to form the thermoplastic polymer particles; and separating the thermoplastic polymer particles from the carrier fluid.

Abstract: A method of forming a pre-cure solution for a structured organic film (SOF) is described, including contacting at least one type of segment and at least one type of pre-linker with a bio-based solvent. The method also includes dissolving the at least one type of segment and the at least one type of pre-linker within the bio-based solvent. The method also includes where the bio-based solvent has a viscosity above 0.92 MPa-s. A composition including a bio-based solvent is also disclosed.

Abstract: High spherical particles for use in piezoelectric applications may be produced mixing a mixture comprising a graphene oxide-polyvinylidene fluoride (GO-PVDF) composite, a carrier fluid that is immiscible with the PVDF, and optionally an emulsion stabilizer at a temperature equal to or greater than a melting point or softening temperature of the PVDF to disperse the GO-PVDF composite in the carrier fluid, wherein the GO-PVDF composite has a transmission FTIR minimum transmittance ratio of ?-phase PVDF to ?-phase PVDF of about 1 or less; cooling the mixture to below the melting point or softening temperature of the PVDF to form GO-PVDF particles; and separating the GO-PVDF particles from the carrier fluid, wherein the GO-PVDF particles comprise the graphene oxide dispersed in the PVDF, and wherein the GO-PVDF particles have a transmission FTIR minimum transmittance ratio of ?-phase PVDF to ?-phase PVDF of about 1 or less.

Abstract: A structured organic film (SOF) is disclosed. The structured organic film also includes a plurality of segments, a plurality of linkers, and a plurality of ionic capping segments, where at least one or more of the ionic capping segments may include a piperidinium group. Implementations of the structured organic film (SOF) may include where the piperidinium group is a bicyclic piperidinium group. The piperidinium group can be an n-cyclic quaternary ammonium. A total concentration of ionic segments in the SOF is from about 0.1 to about 5.0 molar equivalents based on a total concentration of segments in the SOF. The piperidinium group can be 3-methanol-6-azoniaspiro[5.5]undecane (MeASU). The structured organic film (SOF) has an ion exchange capacity (IEC) of from about 0.25 meq/g to about 5.00 meq/g. An ion-exchange membrane may include the structured organic film (SOF).

Abstract: A structured organic film (SOF) is disclosed including a plurality of segments, a plurality of linkers, and a plurality of ionic capping segments, where at least one or more ionic capping segments may include imidazolium. Implementations of the structured organic film (SOF) include where a concentration of ionic capping segments in the SOF is from about 0.1 to about 5.0 molar equivalents of ionic capping segments as compared to a concentration of nonionic segments in the SOF. A thickness of the SOF is from about 100 nm to about 500 ?m. At least one of the plurality of ionic capping segments may include n-hydroxyethyl-1,2,4,5-tetramethylimidazolium (NETMImBr). At least one of the plurality of ionic capping segments may include n-hydroxypropyl-1,2,4,5-tetramethylimidazolium (NPTMImBr). An ion-exchange membrane may include the structured organic film (SOF).

Abstract: A composition, a gas diffusion electrode, and a method for fabricating the same is disclosed. In an example, the composition includes carbon supported carboxyl surface functionalized silver nanoparticles. The gas diffusion electrode can be fabricated with the carbon supported carboxyl surface functionalized silver nanoparticles and deployed in a membrane electrode assembly for various applications.

Abstract: High spherical particles for use in piezoelectric applications may be produced mixing a mixture comprising a graphene oxide-polyvinylidene fluoride (GO-PVDF) composite, a carrier fluid that is immiscible with the PVDF, and optionally an emulsion stabilizer at a temperature equal to or greater than a melting point or softening temperature of the PVDF to disperse the GO-PVDF composite in the carrier fluid, wherein the GO-PVDF composite has a transmission FTIR minimum transmittance ratio of ?-phase PVDF to ?-phase PVDF of about 1 or less; cooling the mixture to below the melting point or softening temperature of the PVDF to form GO-PVDF particles; and separating the GO-PVDF particles from the carrier fluid, wherein the GO-PVDF particles comprise the graphene oxide dispersed in the PVDF, and wherein the GO-PVDF particles have a transmission FTIR minimum transmittance ratio of ?-phase PVDF to ?-phase PVDF of about 1 or less.