Abstract: This counterflow mild gasification process and apparatus utilizes reverse or counterflow combustion to pyrolyze or dry and gasify a carbonaceous reactant, such as a solid fossil fuel or solid biological waste. The solid carbonaceous material fills an elongated combustion chamber where it is ignited to create an advancing combustion front. An oxidant is introduced such that it flows in a direction opposite the advance of the combustion front. The system temperature and velocity of combustion front are controlled by pressure, the purity of the oxidant, and the moisture content of the carbonaceous reactant, as well as by the inlet temperature and flow rate of the oxidant and the initial bed temperature of the carbonaceous reactant.

Abstract: A storm window is made of two or more panes of non-shatterable plastic hinged together so that the window can be reduced in one dimension sufficiently to permit the edges to enter permanent channels in the frame. The panes are straightened and held in a plane position by latches operated from the inside.

Abstract: A shaking machine for shaking core sand out of hollow castings includes a pair of coaxial cylinders containing pistons with piston rods arranged to grip a casting, and a rotating vane air valve for supplying compressed air alternately to each of the two cylinders.