Abstract: A cost effective, structural building set, suitable as a toy, uses post connectors (10) comprised of a post (12) with attached disks (14), or similar devices that insert into cutouts (31) in geometric shaped component parts (30, 80, 180). More than one component part can be connected to the same post connector, and such component parts can rotate relative to the post axis. The connector design allows construction of stable structures of many sizes, shapes, and types, and readily facilitates hinging between different sections of such assembled structures.

Abstract: A cost effective, structural building set, suitable as a toy, uses post connectors (10) comprised of a post (12) with attached disks (14), or similar devices that insert into cutouts (31) in geometric shaped component parts (30, 80, 180). More than one component part can be connected to the same post connector, and such component parts can rotate relative to the post axis. The connector design allows construction of stable structures of many sizes, shapes, and types, and readily facilitates hinging between different sections of such assembled structures.

Abstract: The invention is a cost effective, structural building set, suitable as a toy, using post connectors (10) comprised of a post (12) with attached disks (14), or similar devices that insert into cutouts (31) in geometric shaped component parts (30, 80). More than one component part can be connected to the same post connector, and such component parts can rotate relative to the post axis. The connector design allows construction of stable structures of many sizes, shapes, and types, and readily facilitates hinging between different sections of such assembled structures.

Abstract: A cost effective, structural building set, suitable as a toy, uses post connectors (10) comprised of a post (12) with attached disks (14), or similar devices that insert into cutouts (31) in geometric shaped component parts (30, 80, 180). More than one component part can be connected to the same post connector, and such component parts can rotate relative to the post axis. The connector design allows construction of stable structures of many sizes, shapes, and types, and readily facilitates hinging between different sections of such assembled structures.

Abstract: A cost effective, structural building set, suitable as a toy, uses post connectors (10) comprised of a post (12) with attached disks (14), or similar devices that insert into cutouts (31) in geometric shaped component parts (30, 80, 180). More than one component part can be connected to the same post connector, and such component parts can rotate relative to the post axis. The connector design allows construction of stable structures of many sizes, shapes, and types, and readily facilitates hinging between different sections of such assembled structures.

Abstract: A cost effective, structural building set, suitable as a toy, uses post connectors (10) comprised of a post (12) with attached disks (14), or similar devices that insert into cutouts (31) in geometric shaped component parts (30, 80, 180). More than one component part can be connected to the same post connector, and such component parts can rotate relative to the post axis. The connector design allows construction of stable structures of many sizes, shapes, and types, and readily facilitates hinging between different sections of such assembled structures.

Abstract: A magnetostrictive stress and torque sensor using the component of the output signal in-phase with the drive voltage to monitor stress or torque. In some embodiments, it may use the quadrature or out-of-phase component, or some combination of the in-phase and out-of-phase components. Such phase component monitoring has several advantages over magnitude detection, including a response which is a more linear function of torque, and which is not subject to overmodulation problems.

Abstract: A method and apparatus detects degradation in performance of an engine by comparing signals such as those obtained from magnetostrictive sensors which are related to, but not necessarily accurately correlated with, stress/strain states of a torque/load transmitting member. A first signal is obtained relating to the stress in the member produced by a first loading event or series of events, typically from the firings of a cylinder in an internal combustion engine. A second signal is obtained which relates to the stress in the member produced by a second loading event or series of events from the same or other cylinder in which the torque/load was intentionally inhibited. The first and second signals are then compared to detect degradation in output of the engine.

Abstract: A computer, electronic, or other keyboard includes a backspace/erase key positioned such that it enables comfortable activation of the backspace/erase function via thumb movement. Such activation can be accomplished more easily, more efficiently, and more ergonomically effectively than on prior art keyboards because it can be done without averting the eyes from the text copy and does not entail moving or uncomfortable stretching of the hands.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to detect variations in load by comparing signals related to, but not necessarily accurately correlated with, stress/strain states of a load transmitting member. In one embodiment, a first signal is obtained relating to the stress in the member produced by a first loading event or series of events. A second signal is obtained which relates to the stress in the member produced by a second loading event or series of events. The first and second signals are compared to detect non-constant loading. Each of the two signals may be a composite of other signals. A magnetostrictive sensor may preferably be used to obtain the signals relating to the stress in the load transmitting member. The load may be applied force, torque, stress, strain, or deflection. Applications comprise internal combustion engine and driveline torque variation diagnostics, brake pedals, and suspension systems.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to detect variations in load by comparing signals related to, but not necessarily accurately correlated with, stress/strain states of a load transmitting member. In one embodiment, a first signal is obtained relating to the time rate of change of stress in the member produced by a first loading event or series of events. A second signal is obtained which relates to the time rate of change of stress in the member produced by a second loading event or series of events. The first and second signals are compared to detect significant variations in loading. Each of the two signals may be a composite of other signals. A magnetostrictive sensor may preferably be used to obtain the signals relating to the stress in the load transmitting member. The load may be applied force, torque, stress, strain, or deflection. In another embodiment, the time rate of change of a single segment of an analog signal related to, but not directly correlated with, stress is used to determine rapid changes in load.

Abstract: The invention comprises an ergonomic means for activation of cursor control keys on a computer or electronic typewriter keyboard by utilizing transverse pressure on the cursor control keys applied via the thumbs. The cursor control keys (26, 28, 60, 62) are positioned within comfortable reach of the thumbs such that activation may be done by a touch typist without looking at the keyboard, without uncomfortable stretching, and without moving an entire hand.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ergonomic keyboard with control key(s) located where a touch typist may activate the keys comfortably via one or both thumbs. The invention is suitable for use with a computer, word processor, electronic typewriter, or the like. It facilitates easy, ergonomic activation of the control function by a touch typist without the necessity of averting the eyes from the text to the keyboard, or uncomfortable stretching of the hands. The invention increases typing efficiency.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and apparatus for minimizing or eliminating the effect of air gap variation on the output signal of a magnetostrictive stress/torque signal. An RLC drive circuit is utilized by choosing appropriate circuit parameters and drive frequency such that the flux reducing effect from increasing air gap due to increase in magnetic reluctance is offset by a flux increasing effect from a concomitant reduction in eddy currents. The invention is particularly suited to cross design magnetostrictive sensors and to automotive engine diagnostics applications such as misfire, knock, and roughness detection.

Abstract: A device for monitoring both position and torque variations in a torque carrying member such as a shaft or flywheel functions by using a magnetostrictive torque sensor to monitor both torque variations and rotational position. The torque carrying member is structured with cutouts, protuberances, or material variations which cause the path reluctance for the flux produced by the magnetostrictive sensor to be different for different rotational positions of the shaft. This manifests as an output signal variation in the sensor which is dependent on position, and which can be used in conjunction with the magnetostrictively induced variations in signal to permit monitoring of both torque and position. The device is suitable for use with automotive engines and provides cost and space savings.

Abstract: A method for controlling cursor functions on a touch typing keyboard, comprising activation of the cursor control functions via transverse force applied comfortably by thumb movement. Such activation can be accomplished more easily, more efficiently, and more ergonomically effectively than prior art methods because it can be done without averting the eyes from the text copy and does not entail moving or uncomfortable stretching of the hands.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for comparing torsional stress/strain states of a power transmitting member of an internal combustion engine to detect an abnormal combustion condition, including misfire, knock or roughness. Statistical processing steps may be used to detect an abnormal combustion event including: calculating a mean and standard deviation for a set of signals related to the torsional stress induced in the power transmitting member, calculating a difference between a later signal and the mean, calculating a ratio of the difference to the standard deviation, and comparing the ratio to a threshold. The ratio so obtained from a given cylinder may further be compared with one or more other such ratios from other cylinders. In other words, the autocorrelation and/or cross-correlation techniques may be used. A magnetostrictive sensor may preferably be used to obtain the signals relating to the torsional stress in the power transmitting member, such as the engine crankshaft.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for comparing torsional stress/strain states of a power transmitting member of an internal combustion engine to detect an abnormal combustion condition, including misfire or roughness. A first signal is obtained relating to the torsional stress in the member produced by a first combustion event or series of events. A second signal is obtained which relates to the torsional stress in the member produced by a second combustion event or series of events. The first and second signals are compared to detect the abnormal combustion event in the operation of the engine. A magnetostrictive sensor may preferably be used to obtain the signals relating to the torsional stress in the power transmitting member, such as the engine crankshaft.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and apparatus for comparing torsional stress/strain states of a power transmitting member of an internal combustion engine to detect an abnormal combustion condition, including misfire, knock or roughness. Statistical processing steps may be used to detect an abnormal combustion event including: calculating a mean and standard deviation for a set of signals related to the torsional stress induced in the power transmitting member, calculating a difference between a later signal and the mean, calculating a ratio of the difference to the standard deviation, and comparing the ratio to a threshold. The ratio so obtained from a given cylinder may further be compared with one or more other such ratios from other cylinders. A magnetostrictive sensor may preferably be used to obtain the signals relating to the torsional stress in the power transmitting member, such as the engine crankshaft.

Abstract: A noncontacting method for sensing stress and torque based on the principle of magnetostriction comprises inducing a magnetic flux in a shaft (20) via such means as a single core/coil(58/60) placed close to the shaft (20) which detects torque by means of voltage or current changes in the coil (60). Another embodiment comprises two single core/coils (58/60 and 59/61) and signal processing circuitry which produces a signal minimally affected by material property inhomogeneities. An additional embodiment employs a plurality of sensors (66A/66B) strategically located around the shaft (20) to eliminate spurious signals which are due to bending stress and shaft misalignment.