Abstract: A switching dc-to-dc converter with a variable conversion ratio of NT.sub.1 /T.sub.2 or T.sub.1 /NT.sub.2 utilizes N reactance elements, selected to be either all capacitors or all inductors, for energy transfer from a voltage source to a load. Switches are utilized for connecting the elements in parallel, or series, to the source, and for connecting the elements in series, or parallel, to the load, alternately. Operation of the switches that alternately connect the elements to the source, and switches that connect the elements to the load, determine the variable part of the conversion ratio NT.sub.1 /T.sub.2 or T.sub.1 /T.sub.2 N by control of the time T.sub.1 that the elements are connected in series, or parallel, with the source, and of the time T.sub.2 that the elements are connected in parallel, or series, with the load.

Abstract: A switching dc-to-dc converter employs inductance in series with the source to form an input circuit, and in series with the load to form an output circuit. Suitable switching means alternately connects an energy transfer capacitance in series in the input circuit and in the output circuit. The inductance may be provided by separate windings coupled to form a transformer. To reduce switching ripple in the input circuit, or output circuit, the transformer may be provided with an imbalance of leakage inductance in the primary winding and the secondary winding. The imbalance may be inherent in the design of the transformer, or in the design of the transformer core. In the case of tightly coupled inductances in the transformer, an equivalent imbalance may be achieved by a separate, external inductor connected in series in the input circuit, or the output circuit.

Abstract: A dc-to-dc converter having nonpulsating input and output current uses two inductances, one in series with the input source, the other in series with the output load. An electrical energy transferring device with storage, namely storage capacitance, is used with suitable switching means between the inductances to DC level conversion. For isolation between the source and load, the capacitance may be divided into two capacitors coupled by a transformer, and for reducing ripple, the inductances may be coupled. With proper design of the coupling between the inductances, the current ripple can be reduced to zero at either the input or the output, or the reduction achievable in that way may be divided between the input and output.